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Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic - Test 2 - Reading - Passage 2

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 2 - Reading - Passage 2 in the Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic
syndrome
[noun]

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

Ex: Asperger 's syndrome, a form of autism spectrum disorder , is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication , as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests .
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to indicate a potential danger or risk to someone or something

Ex: The lack of cybersecurity measures could threaten the integrity of sensitive information .
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notorious
[Adjective]

widely known for something negative or unfavorable

Ex: The restaurant is notorious for poor service .
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contagious
[Adjective]

(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact

Ex: Quarantine measures were implemented to contain the outbreak of a contagious virus in the community .
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to pop up
[Verb]

to appear or happen unexpectedly

Ex: Every now and then , a memory of our trip would pop up in our conversations .
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to destroy completely, especially by fire

Ex: The forest fire burned the dry grass out.
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to make someone experience something unpleasant

Ex: The rigorous training regimen subjected athletes to physical strain and exhaustion .
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a period of one thousand years, usually calculated from the year of the birth of Jesus Christ

Ex: Futurists speculate about technological advancements that may shape the next millennium.
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to change something such as a process, situation, etc. to be the opposite of what it was before

Ex: Consumer feedback led the design team to reverse certain features in the product .
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institute
[noun]

an organization focused on a specific field of study or training, offering programs and services related to science, technology, medicine, business, or the arts

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identical
[Adjective]

similar in every detail and totally alike

Ex: The two paintings are so identical that even art experts struggle to differentiate them .
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practical
[Adjective]

(of a method, idea, or plan) likely to be successful or effective

Ex: She offered a practical solution to the problem that could be implemented immediately .
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template
[noun]

a model or standard for making comparisons

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insertion
[noun]

the act of putting one thing into another

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strand
[noun]

a single slender thread of something such as a fiber, hair, etc.

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hybrid
[noun]

an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties

Ex: The vineyard owner introduced a new grape hybrid to his collection, which produced a unique flavor profile ideal for winemaking.
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based
[Adjective]

having a base

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questionable
[Adjective]

doubtful or uncertain in terms of quality, reliability, or legitimacy

Ex: A man of questionable character may not be the best to trust .
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an thing that takes the place of another when it is broken, lost, or no longer available

Ex: A replacement for the damaged phone arrived yesterday .
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breeding
[noun]

the process of mating animals, plants, or microorganisms with desirable characteristics to produce offspring with those same traits

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to disperse or break up as a group, with individuals moving away in various directions

Ex: As the earthquake shook the ground , people scattered from buildings , fearing collapse .
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hectare
[noun]

a land measurement unit that equals 10000 square meters or 2471 acres

Ex: The average size of a farm in many countries is measured in hectares, reflecting agricultural productivity and land use patterns .
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an event or situation that interrupts or disrupts the normal state or functioning of something

Ex: The wildlife habitat suffered a disturbance due to construction .
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to wreck
[Verb]

to damage or destroy something severely

Ex: The lack of proper precautions wrecked the stability of the structure .
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stagnant
[Adjective]

not growing or changing; without force or vitality

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unwelcoming
[Adjective]

not hospitable or inviting, often creating a sense of discomfort or unease

Ex: The staff ’s unwelcoming attitude discouraged customers .
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to evolve
[Verb]

(biology) to change gradually and over generations into forms that are better adapted to the environment and fitter to survive

Ex: Humans have evolved from ape-like ancestors , gradually developing upright posture , larger brains , and sophisticated tool use .
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to grow or be made again

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to breed two different plants or animals to create a new variety or species with mixed traits

Ex: She hybridized a dog and a wolf to study their behavior .
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to bring back a lost connection or a former condition

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to thrive
[Verb]

(of an animal, child, or plant) to grow with strength, health, or energy

Ex: The saplings thrived after being transplanted to nutrient-rich soil .
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candidate
[noun]

a person being considered for a specific position, role, or opportunity

Ex: They chose the best candidate for the job .
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revival
[noun]

the act of bringing something back into active use, attention, or importance after a period of decline or obscurity

Ex: The festival 's success contributed to a revival of tourism in the region .
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the ability of someone or something that keeps them from being affected by something

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to precisely locate or identify something or someone

Ex: They could n't pinpoint the exact time the event occurred .
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tundra
[noun]

the expansive flat Arctic regions, of North America, Asia, and Europe, in which no trees grow and the soil is always frozen

Ex: Climate change poses a threat to tundra regions worldwide, affecting wildlife habitats and contributing to permafrost thawing.
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endangered
[Adjective]

(of an animal, plant, etc.) being at risk of extinction

Ex: Climate change poses a significant threat to many endangered species by altering their habitats and food sources.
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range
[noun]

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control

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the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively

Ex: Bacterial adaptation to antibiotics poses a challenge to medicine .
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to protect or shield from cold, heat, sound, or electricity by surrounding with a material that prevents the transfer of energy

Ex: To conserve energy , the eco-conscious homeowner opted to insulate the water heater .
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boreal
[Adjective]

related to regions or climates located in the northern latitudes of the Earth, characterized by cold temperatures and typically dominated by coniferous forests

Ex: Researchers study the boreal environment to understand its role in global climate regulation and carbon storage .
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the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, primarily from burning fossil fuels, industrial processes, and etc.

Ex: Reducing carbon emissions is critical for slowing climate change .
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to cause something or someone to fall to the ground

Ex: The heavy snowfall has knocked many power lines down, causing widespread outages.
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to make something more likely to exist, happen, or develop

Ex: The charity works to encourage donations for research into rare diseases .
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to lessen something's seriousness, severity, or painfulness

Ex: The new medication helped to mitigate the patient ’s severe pain .
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ground that is permanently frozen

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prospect
[noun]

the likelihood or possibility of something becoming successful in the future

Ex: The student was thrilled about the prospect of attending a prestigious university .
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emerging
[Adjective]

coming into existence

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mass
[Adjective]

involving or impacting a large number of things or people collectively

Ex: Mass migration of animals occurs annually during the breeding season.
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the act of making small changes in something, usually for an enhancement

Ex: They decided to make modifications to the building to meet safety regulations .
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moral
[Adjective]

concerned with right and wrong behavior

Ex: They debated the moral implications of genetic engineering in the medical field .
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hazard
[noun]

something that poses a risk or danger

Ex: Poor lighting in the parking lot created a hazard for pedestrians at night .
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calculated
[Adjective]

carefully thought out in advance

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measured
[Adjective]

carefully thought out in advance

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nota bene
[noun]

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

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to enable
[Verb]

to give someone or something the means or ability to do something

Ex: Current developments in technology are enabling more sustainable practices .
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trees and plants in general, particularly those of a specific habitat or area

Ex: The boreal forest 's vegetation, dominated by evergreen conifers , stretches for miles across the northern latitudes , with sparse undergrowth due to the harsh climate .
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insufficient
[Adjective]

not enough in degree or amount

Ex: The teacher provided feedback that the student 's answer was insufficient in explaining the concept .
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extinct
[Adjective]

(of an animal, plant, etc.) not having any living members, either due to natural causes, environmental changes, or human activity

Ex: Conservation efforts aim to protect endangered species and prevent them from becoming extinct.
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legendary
[Adjective]

very well-known and admired

Ex: The rock band gave a legendary concert , electrifying the crowd with their unforgettable performance .
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flock
[noun]

a group of birds of the same type, flying and feeding together

Ex: With a rustle of feathers , the flock of migrating birds landed in the treetops , seeking refuge for the night .
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spectacle
[noun]

a thing or person that is striking or impressive to see, often because it is unusual or remarkable

Ex: The magician 's disappearing act was a mesmerizing spectacle for the audience .
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specimen
[noun]

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

Ex: The specimen showed distinct characteristics that were crucial for the study .
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a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

Ex: The geneticist collaborated with doctors to develop a gene therapy treatment for patients with genetic disorders .
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ambitious
[Adjective]

requiring great effort or full use of one's abilities or resources in order to succeed

Ex: He embarked on an ambitious quest to climb the world 's highest peaks , testing his physical and mental limits .
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premise
[noun]

a theory or statement that acts as the foundation of an argument

Ex: The legal case was built on the premise that the defendant had breached the contract intentionally .
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cloning
[noun]

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

Ex: Dolly the sheep was the first mammal created through cloning.
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to introduce male reproductive cells into the female reproductive system for reproduction

Ex: In some species , males fertilize the female ’s eggs externally in the water .
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embryo
[noun]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

Ex: Ethical debates often arise around the use of human embryos in stem cell research and medical treatments .
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pioneering
[Adjective]

characterized by being at the forefront of new developments or leading the way in innovation and exploration

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cutting-edge
[Adjective]

having the latest and most advanced features or design

Ex: The cutting-edge laboratory equipment enables scientists to conduct groundbreaking experiments and analyze data with unparalleled accuracy .
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to strive
[Verb]

to try as hard as possible to achieve a goal

Ex: Organizations strive to provide exceptional service to meet customer expectations .
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carnivore
[noun]

an animal that feeds on the flesh of other animals

Ex: Hyenas are scavenging carnivores known for their distinctive laughs .
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niche
[noun]

the specific role or function of an organism or species within an ecosystem

Ex: In a coral reef , fish species like clownfish and anemonefish occupy distinct niches, with mutualistic relationships with sea anemones .
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to show or mention something to someone and give them enough information to take notice

Ex: He pointed the crucial details out to ensure everyone understood.
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debilitating
[Adjective]

impairing the strength and vitality

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facial
[Adjective]

relating to the face or its appearance

Ex: The facial muscles allow for movements such as smiling and frowning.
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tumor
[noun]

an abnormal mass of diseased cells that serves no function in the body and usually causes medical problems

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to trial
[Verb]

to test something in real conditions for a limited time to check if it works well or is effective

Ex: We had trialed the new software, but it did not meet our needs.
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to make it necessary to ask a clear question that has not been answered, usually because something important or unclear has been said or done

Ex: His explanation begs the question of whether he really understands the issue.
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Cambridge IELTS 15 - Academic
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