Cambridge IELTS 15 - Académique - Test 2 - Lecture - Passage 2

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

to indicate a potential danger or risk to someone or something

widely known for something negative or unfavorable

(of a disease) transmittable from one person to another through close contact

to appear or happen unexpectedly

to destroy completely, especially by fire

to make someone experience something unpleasant

a period of one thousand years, usually calculated from the year of the birth of Jesus Christ

to change something such as a process, situation, etc. to be the opposite of what it was before

an organization focused on a specific field of study or training, offering programs and services related to science, technology, medicine, business, or the arts

similar in every detail and totally alike

(of a method, idea, or plan) likely to be successful or effective

a model or standard for making comparisons

the act of putting one thing into another

a single slender thread of something such as a fiber, hair, etc.

an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties

having a base

doubtful or uncertain in terms of quality, reliability, or legitimacy

an thing that takes the place of another when it is broken, lost, or no longer available

the process of mating animals, plants, or microorganisms with desirable characteristics to produce offspring with those same traits

to disperse or break up as a group, with individuals moving away in various directions

a land measurement unit that equals 10000 square meters or 2471 acres

an event or situation that interrupts or disrupts the normal state or functioning of something

to damage or destroy something severely

not growing or changing; without force or vitality

not hospitable or inviting, often creating a sense of discomfort or unease

(biology) to change gradually and over generations into forms that are better adapted to the environment and fitter to survive

to grow or be made again

to breed two different plants or animals to create a new variety or species with mixed traits

to bring back a lost connection or a former condition

(of an animal, child, or plant) to grow with strength, health, or energy

a person being considered for a specific position, role, or opportunity

the act of bringing something back into active use, attention, or importance after a period of decline or obscurity

the ability of someone or something that keeps them from being affected by something

to precisely locate or identify something or someone

the expansive flat Arctic regions, of North America, Asia, and Europe, in which no trees grow and the soil is always frozen

(of an animal, plant, etc.) being at risk of extinction

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control

the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively

to protect or shield from cold, heat, sound, or electricity by surrounding with a material that prevents the transfer of energy

related to regions or climates located in the northern latitudes of the Earth, characterized by cold temperatures and typically dominated by coniferous forests

the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, primarily from burning fossil fuels, industrial processes, and etc.

to cause something or someone to fall to the ground

to make something more likely to exist, happen, or develop

to lessen something's seriousness, severity, or painfulness

ground that is permanently frozen

the likelihood or possibility of something becoming successful in the future

coming into existence

involving or impacting a large number of things or people collectively

the act of making small changes in something, usually for an enhancement

concerned with right and wrong behavior

something that poses a risk or danger

carefully thought out in advance

carefully thought out in advance

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

to give someone or something the means or ability to do something

trees and plants in general, particularly those of a specific habitat or area

not enough in degree or amount

(of an animal, plant, etc.) not having any living members, either due to natural causes, environmental changes, or human activity

very well-known and admired

a group of birds of the same type, flying and feeding together

a thing or person that is striking or impressive to see, often because it is unusual or remarkable

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

requiring great effort or full use of one's abilities or resources in order to succeed

a theory or statement that acts as the foundation of an argument

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

to introduce male reproductive cells into the female reproductive system for reproduction

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

characterized by being at the forefront of new developments or leading the way in innovation and exploration

having the latest and most advanced features or design

to try as hard as possible to achieve a goal

an animal that feeds on the flesh of other animals

the specific role or function of an organism or species within an ecosystem

to show or mention something to someone and give them enough information to take notice

impairing the strength and vitality

relating to the face or its appearance

an abnormal mass of diseased cells that serves no function in the body and usually causes medical problems

to test something in real conditions for a limited time to check if it works well or is effective

to make it necessary to ask a clear question that has not been answered, usually because something important or unclear has been said or done