مفردات لاختبار IELTS Academic (الدرجة 6-7) - التصنيع والصناعة

a basic substance used in manufacturing or production that has not yet been processed or refined

a production process where a product is put together in a step-by-step manner by different people or machines, each responsible for a specific task

large-scale, standardized manufacturing for efficient production of identical items

the sequence of processes, organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in producing and delivering a product or service from its origin to the final customer

storage and management of goods in a warehouse for efficient distribution

a name or design that exclusively belongs to a particular company or its products

the time in which a machine, like a computer, is not operational

the sector of manufacturing that produces large, capital-intensive goods such as steel, machinery, and chemicals

the manufacturing sector producing finished consumer goods with relatively low capital investment

a specific part or branch of an economy, society, or activity with its own distinct characteristics and functions

a production strategy that aims to reduce inventory costs by producing and receiving goods only as they are needed

to produce or generate goods, products, or services in a manufacturing or industrial process

a factory in which a natural substance such as oil or sugar is made pure by removing all other substances from it

a factory or workshop where metal is melted and made into different shapes or objects

a facility or industrial plant equipped with machinery for cutting, processing, and shaping logs or timber into lumber or wood products

relating to products or practices that involve skilled craftsmanship or traditional methods, often resulting in high-quality, handcrafted goods

a standard or point of reference used to measure or compare something, often to assess quality or performance

the practice of contracting external parties to provide goods or services for a company

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

a production methodology aimed at minimizing waste while maximizing productivity and efficiency

the use of software and computer-controlled machinery to automate and optimize manufacturing processes