IELTS学术词汇 (分数6-7) - 制造与工业

a basic substance used in manufacturing or production that has not yet been processed or refined

a production process where a product is put together in a step-by-step manner by different people or machines, each responsible for a specific task

large-scale, standardized manufacturing for efficient production of identical items

a network of entities involved in producing, distributing, and selling a product, from raw material suppliers to end consumers

storage and management of goods in a warehouse for efficient distribution

a name or design that exclusively belongs to a particular company or its products

the time in which a machine, like a computer, is not operational

industry that produces large products or requires significant machinery and facilities, often involving the extraction, processing, or manufacturing of raw materials

the sector of manufacturing that produces finished products suitable for direct consumer use, typically requiring less capital-intensive equipment and facilities than heavy industry

a specific part or branch of an economy, society, or activity with its own distinct characteristics and functions

a production strategy that aims to reduce inventory costs by producing and receiving goods only as they are needed

to produce or generate goods, products, or services in a manufacturing or industrial process

a factory in which a natural substance such as oil or sugar is made pure by removing all other substances from it

a factory or workshop where metal is melted and made into different shapes or objects

a facility or industrial plant equipped with machinery for cutting, processing, and shaping logs or timber into lumber or wood products

relating to products or practices that involve skilled craftsmanship or traditional methods, often resulting in high-quality, handcrafted goods

a standard or point of reference used to measure or compare something, often to assess quality or performance

the process of having someone outside of a company provide goods or services for that company

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

a production methodology aimed at minimizing waste while maximizing productivity and efficiency

the use of software and computer-controlled machinery to automate and optimize manufacturing processes