Академический IELTS (Уровень 6-7) - Производство и промышленность

basic substances used in manufacturing before processing

сырьё, исходный материал

a production process where a product is put together in a step-by-step manner by different people or machines, each responsible for a specific task

сборочная линия, линия сборки

large-scale, standardized manufacturing for efficient production of identical items

массовое производство, серийное производство

a network of entities involved in producing, distributing, and selling a product, from raw material suppliers to end consumers

цепочка поставок, система поставок

storage and management of goods in a warehouse for efficient distribution

складирование, хранение товаров

a name or design that exclusively belongs to a particular company or its products

товарный знак

the time in which a machine, like a computer, is not operational

время простоя

industry that produces large products or requires significant machinery and facilities, often involving the extraction, processing, or manufacturing of raw materials

тяжелая промышленность, сектор тяжелой промышленности

the sector of manufacturing that produces finished products suitable for direct consumer use, typically requiring less capital-intensive equipment and facilities than heavy industry

лёгкая промышленность, сектор лёгкой промышленности

a specific part or branch of an economy, society, or activity with its own distinct characteristics and functions

сектор

a production strategy that aims to reduce inventory costs by producing and receiving goods only as they are needed

точно в срок, производство по принципу 'точно в срок'

to produce or generate goods, products, or services in a manufacturing or industrial process

вырабатывать, генерировать

a factory in which a natural substance such as oil or sugar is made pure by removing all other substances from it

нефтеперерабатывающий завод

a factory or workshop where metal is melted and made into different shapes or objects

литейный завод

a facility or industrial plant equipped with machinery for cutting, processing, and shaping logs or timber into lumber or wood products

лесопилка, пилорама

relating to products or practices that involve skilled craftsmanship or traditional methods, often resulting in high-quality, handcrafted goods

ремесленный, артельный

something that serves as a point of reference by which other things can be measured or judged

эталон

the process of having someone outside of a company provide goods or services for that company

внешний подряд

the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

инфраструктура

the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

индустриализация, индустриализация

a production methodology aimed at minimizing waste while maximizing productivity and efficiency

бережливое производство, производственная методология

the use of software and computer-controlled machinery to automate and optimize manufacturing processes

автоматизированное производство, компьютеризированное производство