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Věda ACT - Elektromagnetismus a mechanika

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s elektromagnetismem a mechanikou, jako je „torque“, „anode“, „fulcrum“ atd., která vám pomohou dosáhnout úspěchu ve vašich ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
voltage
[Podstatné jméno]

the electronic potential and force whose measurement unit is volts

napětí, elektrické napětí

napětí, elektrické napětí

resistor
[Podstatné jméno]

an electrical component designed to limit or control the flow of electric current in a circuit, typically by providing resistance

rezistor, odpora

rezistor, odpora

Ex: Resistors play a role in shaping the frequency response of audio circuits , influencing the tone in electronic musical instruments .
circuit
[Podstatné jméno]

the complete circle through which an electric current flows, typically consists of the source of electric energy

obvod, circuit

obvod, circuit

Ex: The current in circuit can be measured using an ammeter .
semiconductor
[Podstatné jméno]

a solid substance that conducts electricity or heat better than insulators, but not as well as most metals

polovodič, polovodičová látka

polovodič, polovodičová látka

superconductivity
[Podstatné jméno]

a phenomenon where certain materials conduct electricity without resistance when cooled to extremely low temperatures

supervodivost, supravodivost

supervodivost, supravodivost

Ex: superconductivity could revolutionize electronics and power grids .
to electrify
[sloveso]

to apply an electric charge to a conductor

elektrizovat, nabít elektřinou

elektrizovat, nabít elektřinou

Ex: To demonstrate the concept , the teacher showed how electrify a balloon by rubbing it on wool .
electrode
[Podstatné jméno]

a conductor through which electricity travels to or from an object, such as batteries

elektrode, elektróda

elektrode, elektróda

anode
[Podstatné jméno]

a positively charged electrode in an electrical device where oxidation occurs, resulting in the release of electrons

anoda, kladná elektroda

anoda, kladná elektroda

Ex: An anode rod is used in water heaters to prevent corrosion of the tank by attracting corrosive elements.
cathode
[Podstatné jméno]

a negatively charged electrode within an electrical device, from which electrons flow out into the external circuit

katoda, negativní elektroda

katoda, negativní elektroda

Ex: In a rechargeable battery , such as a lithium-ion battery , cathode undergoes reduction during charging , allowing it to store energy for later use .
static electricity
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of electricity generated by friction between two materials, resulting in an imbalance of electric charges on their surfaces

statická elektřina, statická elektrická energie

statická elektřina, statická elektrická energie

Ex: Static electricity is used in photocopiers and laser printers to attract toner particles to paper .
rechargeable
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a battery or device) capable of being supplied with electrical power again

dobíjecí, nabíjecí

dobíjecí, nabíjecí

Ex: His bike lights rechargeable via a USB cable .
generator
[Podstatné jméno]

a machine that produces electricity by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

generátor, elektrický generátor

generátor, elektrický generátor

Ex: generators are useful during camping trips or emergencies to provide temporary electrical power .
solar cell
[Podstatné jméno]

a device that converts the energy of the sun into electricity

solární článek, fotovoltaický článek

solární článek, fotovoltaický článek

Ex: solar cells on rooftops can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower electricity bills .
solar irradiance
[Podstatné jméno]

the amount of solar energy received per unit area on Earth's surface

solární irradiance, solární záření

solární irradiance, solární záření

radiation
[Podstatné jméno]

the energy transmitted in the form of particles or waves through the space or a matter

radiace, záření

radiace, záření

Ex: Radioactive materials radiation that can be harmful to living organisms .
photovoltaic
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the technology that turns sunlight directly into electricity

fotovoltaický, fotovoltický

fotovoltaický, fotovoltický

Ex: Research photovoltaic materials aims to improve the efficiency of solar energy conversion .
electromagnetic
[Přídavné jméno]

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

elektromagnetický, elektromagnetická

elektromagnetický, elektromagnetická

Ex: Electromagnetic induction occurs when a changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a conductor .
magnetic field
[Podstatné jméno]

an invisible area around a magnetic object where magnetic forces can attract or repel other objects

magnetické pole, magnetické z pole

magnetické pole, magnetické z pole

Ex: Magnets can attract certain metals because they create magnetic field around them .
lever
[Podstatné jméno]

a long rigid bar that is put under a heavy object in order to move it

páka, pákový mechanismus

páka, pákový mechanismus

Ex: With the help of lever, they managed to pry open the stuck door .
vibration
[Podstatné jméno]

the rapid back-and-forth movement of an object

vibrace, oscilace

vibrace, oscilace

Ex: Tuning forks produce a clear tone when struck due to their vibration.
fulcrum
[Podstatné jméno]

a point or support on which a lever pivots or rotates in order to lift or move objects

páka, podporující bod

páka, podporující bod

Ex: His unwavering support was fulcrum upon which the team 's success rested , providing stability and guidance during challenging times .
torque
[Podstatné jméno]

a rotational force measured in newton-meters or foot-pounds

kroutící moment, točivý moment

kroutící moment, točivý moment

Ex: The force applied to turn a steering wheel torque.
spring constant
[Podstatné jméno]

a measure of a spring's stiffness, indicating how much force is needed to stretch or compress it

springová konstanta, konstanta pružnosti

springová konstanta, konstanta pružnosti

counterweight
[Podstatné jméno]

a mass used to provide balance to another mass

protipól, vyvážení

protipól, vyvážení

Ex: In the clock mechanism , counterweight helps regulate the movement of the pendulum .
supersonic
[Přídavné jméno]

having a speed greater than that of sound

supersonická, rychlost zvuku

supersonická, rychlost zvuku

Ex: The military supersonic missiles for swift and precise strikes against targets .
aviation
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of the design, development, and operation of aircrafts, focusing on principles of aerodynamics, propulsion, and material science

letectví, aviatika

letectví, aviatika

robotics
[Podstatné jméno]

an area of technology that is concerned with the study or use of robots

robotika, robotechnika

robotika, robotechnika

acceleration
[Podstatné jméno]

(physics) the increase in velocity over time

zrychlení, akcelerace

zrychlení, akcelerace

Ex: acceleration means quicker velocity change .
terminal velocity
[Podstatné jméno]

the constant speed reached by a falling object when the drag force equals the gravitational force pulling it downward, resulting in no further acceleration

terminální rychlost, konečná rychlost

terminální rychlost, konečná rychlost

Ex: Meteorologists terminal velocity to predict how fast hailstones will fall during storms .
hydraulic
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the transmission or control of fluids under pressure within confined systems or machinery

hydraulický, hydraulicky

hydraulický, hydraulicky

Ex: Optimization of pressurized flows within marine vessels constitutes an active area hydraulic study .
gravity
[Podstatné jméno]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

gravita, gravitace

gravita, gravitace

Ex: The strength gravity on Earth 's surface is approximately 9.81 meters per second squared ( m / s² ) .
Věda ACT
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