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ACT Science - Electromagnetism and Mechanics

Here you will learn some English words related to electromagnetism and mechanics, such as "torque", "anode", "fulcrum", etc. that will help you ace your ACTs.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
voltage
voltage
[noun]

total potential energy provided by a power source

Ex: Industrial machines require 480V to operate.
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resistor
resistor
[noun]

an electrical component designed to limit or control the flow of electric current in a circuit, typically by providing resistance

Ex: Resistors play a role in shaping the frequency response of audio circuits , influencing the tone in electronic musical instruments .
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circuit
circuit
[noun]

the complete circle through which an electric current flows, typically consists of the source of electric energy

Ex: The current in the circuit can be measured using an ammeter .
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semiconductor

a solid substance that conducts electricity or heat better than insulators, but not as well as most metals

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superconductivity

a phenomenon where certain materials conduct electricity without resistance when cooled to extremely low temperatures

Ex: Understanding superconductivity could revolutionize electronics and power grids .
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to electrify

to apply an electric charge to a conductor

Ex: To demonstrate the concept , the teacher showed how to electrify a balloon by rubbing it on wool .
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electrode
electrode
[noun]

a conductor through which electricity travels to or from an object, such as batteries

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anode
anode
[noun]

a positively charged electrode in an electrical device where oxidation occurs, resulting in the release of electrons

Ex: An anode rod is used in water heaters to prevent corrosion of the tank by attracting corrosive elements.
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cathode
cathode
[noun]

a negatively charged electrode within an electrical device, from which electrons flow out into the external circuit

Ex: In a rechargeable battery , such as a lithium-ion battery , the cathode undergoes reduction during charging , allowing it to store energy for later use .
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static electricity

a form of electricity generated by friction between two materials, resulting in an imbalance of electric charges on their surfaces

Ex: Static electricity is used in photocopiers and laser printers to attract toner particles to paper .
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rechargeable
rechargeable
[Adjective]

(of a battery or device) capable of being supplied with electrical power again

Ex: His bike lights are rechargeable via a USB cable .
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generator
generator
[noun]

a machine that produces electricity by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

Ex: Portable generators are useful during camping trips or emergencies to provide temporary electrical power .
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solar cell

a device that converts the energy of the sun into electricity

Ex: Installing solar cells on rooftops can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower electricity bills .
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solar irradiance

the amount of solar energy received per unit area on Earth's surface

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radiation
radiation
[noun]

energy transmitted through space or matter in the form of waves or particles

Ex: The lab measured radiation levels in the room .
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photovoltaic
photovoltaic
[Adjective]

related to the technology that turns sunlight directly into electricity

Ex: Research in photovoltaic materials aims to improve the efficiency of solar energy conversion .
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electromagnetic
electromagnetic
[Adjective]

referring to the combined interaction of electric and magnetic fields, often associated with waves or radiation

Ex: Electromagnetic induction occurs when a changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a conductor .
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magnetic field

an invisible area around a magnetic object where magnetic forces can attract or repel other objects

Ex: Magnets can attract certain metals because they create a magnetic field around them .
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lever
lever
[noun]

a long rigid bar that is put under a heavy object in order to move it

Ex: With the help of a lever, they managed to pry open the stuck door .
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vibration
vibration
[noun]

the rapid back-and-forth movement of an object

Ex: Tuning forks produce a clear tone when struck due to their precise vibration.
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fulcrum
fulcrum
[noun]

a point or support on which a lever pivots or rotates in order to lift or move objects

Ex: His unwavering support was the fulcrum upon which the team 's success rested , providing stability and guidance during challenging times .
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torque
torque
[noun]

a rotational force measured in newton-meters or foot-pounds

Ex: The force applied to turn a steering wheel involves torque.
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spring constant

a measure of a spring's stiffness, indicating how much force is needed to stretch or compress it

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counterweight

a mass used to provide balance to another mass

Ex: In the clock mechanism , the counterweight helps regulate the movement of the pendulum .
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supersonic
supersonic
[Adjective]

having a speed greater than that of sound

Ex: The military relies on supersonic missiles for swift and precise strikes against targets .
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aviation
aviation
[noun]

the study of the design, development, and operation of aircrafts, focusing on principles of aerodynamics, propulsion, and material science

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robotics
robotics
[noun]

an area of technology that is concerned with the study or use of robots

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acceleration

(physics) the increase in velocity over time

Ex: Faster acceleration means quicker velocity change .
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terminal velocity

the constant speed reached by a falling object when the drag force equals the gravitational force pulling it downward, resulting in no further acceleration

Ex: Meteorologists study terminal velocity to predict how fast hailstones will fall during storms .
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hydraulic
hydraulic
[Adjective]

relating to the transmission or control of fluids under pressure within confined systems or machinery

Ex: Optimization of pressurized flows within marine vessels constitutes an active area of hydraulic study .
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gravity
gravity
[noun]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

Ex: The strength of gravity on Earth 's surface is approximately 9.81 meters per second squared ( m / s² ) .
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