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Aklat Insight - Itaas na Intermediate - Pananaw sa Bokabularyo 10

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Vocabulary Insight 10 sa Insight Upper-Intermediate coursebook, tulad ng "elect", "collateral", "personalize", atbp.

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Insight - Upper-intermediate
to extend
[Pandiwa]

to enlarge or lengthen something

pahabain, palawakin

pahabain, palawakin

Ex: The city council plans to extend the park by adding more green space .Plano ng lungsod na **palawakin** ang parke sa pamamagitan ng pagdagdag ng mas maraming berdeng espasyo.

to customize something to suit an individual's needs, preferences, or characteristics

ipersonalisa, iangkop

ipersonalisa, iangkop

Ex: Wedding planners work closely with couples to personalize every detail of their special day .Ang mga wedding planner ay malapit na nakikipagtulungan sa mga mag-asawa upang **i-personalize** ang bawat detalye ng kanilang espesyal na araw.
democracy
[Pangngalan]

a belief or ideology that supports governance by the people, emphasizing equal participation in the political process

demokrasya, pamahalaan ng mga tao

demokrasya, pamahalaan ng mga tao

Ex: The Enlightenment period greatly influenced modern democratic thought, advocating for individual rights and political freedom.Ang panahon ng Enlightenment ay lubos na naimpluwensyahan ang modernong **demokratiko** na pag-iisip, na nagtataguyod para sa mga karapatan ng indibidwal at kalayaang pampulitika.
egalitarian
[Pangngalan]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

egalitaryan, tagapagtaguyod ng pagkakapantay-pantay

egalitaryan, tagapagtaguyod ng pagkakapantay-pantay

Ex: The egalitarian’s speech inspired many to join the movement for racial equality .Ang talumpati ng **egalitaryan** ay nagbigay-inspirasyon sa marami na sumali sa kilusan para sa pagkakapantay-pantay ng lahi.
popular
[pang-uri]

receiving a lot of love and attention from many people

popular, minamahal

popular, minamahal

Ex: His songs are popular because they are easy to dance to .**Popular** ang kanyang mga kanta dahil madaling sayawan.
to vote
[Pandiwa]

to show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.

bumoto, maghalal

bumoto, maghalal

Ex: He voted for the first time after turning eighteen .**Bumoto** siya sa unang pagkakataon matapos maglabing-walong taong gulang.
campaign
[Pangngalan]

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

kampanya

kampanya

Ex: The vaccination campaign was successful in reaching vulnerable populations and preventing the spread of disease .Ang **kampanya** ng pagbabakuna ay matagumpay sa pag-abot sa mga mahihinang populasyon at pagpigil sa pagkalat ng sakit.
to elect
[Pandiwa]

to choose a person for a specific job, particularly a political one, by voting

ihalal, pumili sa pamamagitan ng pagboto

ihalal, pumili sa pamamagitan ng pagboto

Ex: The citizens of the country are electing new leaders who will shape the future .Ang mga mamamayan ng bansa ay **humahalal** ng mga bagong lider na maghuhubog sa hinaharap.
minority
[Pangngalan]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minorya

minorya

Ex: He is researching the history of minority communities in the area .Siya ay nag-aaral sa kasaysayan ng mga komunidad ng **minorya** sa lugar.
tyrant
[Pangngalan]

a ruler or leader who has absolute power and uses it in a cruel and oppressive way, without any regard for the rights or well-being of others

tiraniya, despota

tiraniya, despota

Ex: The tyrant enforced strict laws that stifled any form of dissent or opposition .Ang **tiraniya** ay nagpataw ng mahigpit na batas na pumipigil sa anumang anyo ng pagtutol o oposisyon.
responsibility
[Pangngalan]

the obligation to perform a particular duty or task that is assigned to one

responsibilidad, obligasyon

responsibilidad, obligasyon

Ex: Parents have the responsibility of providing a safe and nurturing environment for their children .Ang mga magulang ay may **responsibilidad** na magbigay ng ligtas at mapag-arugang kapaligiran para sa kanilang mga anak.
majority
[Pangngalan]

the larger part or number of a given set or group

mayorya, ang mas malaking bahagi

mayorya, ang mas malaking bahagi

Ex: A majority of residents expressed concerns about the proposed construction project .Ang **karamihan** ng mga residente ay nagpahayag ng mga alalahanin tungkol sa iminungkahing proyekto ng konstruksyon.
to rule
[Pandiwa]

to control and be in charge of a country

pamahalaan, maghari

pamahalaan, maghari

Ex: The military junta ruled the nation after a coup d'état .Ang junta militar ay **naghari** sa bansa pagkatapos ng isang kudeta.
to restrict
[Pandiwa]

to bring someone or something under control through laws and rules

higpitan, limitahan

higpitan, limitahan

Ex: The city council voted to restrict parking in certain areas to ease traffic congestion .Bumoto ang lungsod konseho upang **higpitan** ang pagpapark sa ilang mga lugar upang mabawasan ang trapik.
to obey
[Pandiwa]

to follow commands, rules, or orders

sumunod, tumalima

sumunod, tumalima

Ex: In a classroom , students are expected to obey the teacher 's directions .Sa isang silid-aralan, inaasahan na **sundin** ng mga estudyante ang mga tagubilin ng guro.
authoritarian
[pang-uri]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

awtoritaryan, despotiko

awtoritaryan, despotiko

Ex: Authoritarian government frequently disregard human rights and civil liberties in the name of stability .Ang **awtoritaryan** na pamahalaan ay madalas na hindi pinapansin ang karapatang pantao at mga kalayaang sibil sa ngalan ng katatagan.
powerful
[pang-uri]

possessing great strength or force

malakas, makapangyarihan

malakas, makapangyarihan

Ex: The team played with powerful energy , winning the match easily .Ang koponan ay naglaro na may **malakas** na enerhiya, madaling nanalo sa laban.
dictatorship
[Pangngalan]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

diktadura, pamumunong diktatoryal

diktadura, pamumunong diktatoryal

Ex: Many countries fought against dictatorship in the 20th century .Maraming bansa ang lumaban sa **diktadura** noong ika-20 siglo.
freedom
[Pangngalan]

the right to act, say, or think as one desires without being stopped, controlled, or restricted

kalayaan

kalayaan

Ex: The protesters demanded greater freedom for all citizens .Ang mga nagprotesta ay humiling ng mas malaking **kalayaan** para sa lahat ng mamamayan.
slavery
[Pangngalan]

the state in which a person is owned by someone and used for forced labor

pang-aalipin, pagkaalipin

pang-aalipin, pagkaalipin

Ex: The abolition of slavery marked a significant milestone in the fight for freedom and equality .Ang pag-abolish ng **pang-aalipin** ay nagmarka ng isang makabuluhang milestone sa laban para sa kalayaan at pagkakapantay-pantay.
weakness
[Pangngalan]

a vulnerability or limitation that makes you less strong or effective

kahinaan, mahinang punto

kahinaan, mahinang punto

Ex: She identified her weakness in public speaking and worked to improve it .Natukoy niya ang kanyang **kahinaan** sa pagsasalita sa publiko at nagtrabaho upang mapabuti ito.
poverty
[Pangngalan]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

kahirapan

kahirapan

Ex: The charity focuses on providing food and shelter to those living in poverty.Ang charity ay nakatuon sa pagbibigay ng pagkain at tirahan sa mga nabubuhay sa **kahirapan**.
peace
[Pangngalan]

a period or state where there is no war or violence

kapayapaan

kapayapaan

Ex: She hoped for a future where peace would prevail around the world .Umaasa siya sa isang hinaharap kung saan ang **kapayapaan** ay mananaig sa buong mundo.
war
[Pangngalan]

a state of armed fighting between two or more groups, nations, or states

digmaan

digmaan

Ex: The nation remained at war until a peace agreement was signed .Ang bansa ay nanatili sa **digmaan** hanggang sa paglagda ng isang kasunduang pangkapayapaan.
collateral
[Pangngalan]

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

garantiya,  sangla

garantiya, sangla

Ex: The entrepreneur pledged his stock portfolio as collateral to secure the business loan needed to expand his company .Ang negosyante ay nangako ng kanyang stock portfolio bilang **sangla** upang matiyak ang negosyo na pautang na kailangan para palawakin ang kanyang kumpanya.
communal
[pang-uri]

belonging to or shared by a group of people and not only individuals

pangkomunidad, pangkolektibo

pangkomunidad, pangkolektibo

Ex: The tribe followed communal traditions passed down for generations .Ang tribo ay sumunod sa mga tradisyong **pangkomunidad** na ipinasa sa mga henerasyon.
diversity
[Pangngalan]

the presence of a variety of distinct characteristics within a group

pagkakaiba-iba

pagkakaiba-iba

Ex: The city 's culinary scene is known for its diversity, offering a variety of cuisines from different countries .Ang culinary scene ng lungsod ay kilala sa **pagkakaiba-iba** nito, na nag-aalok ng iba't ibang lutuin mula sa iba't ibang bansa.
leadership
[Pangngalan]

the act of guiding or directing a group of people towards a shared goal or objective

pamumuno, pagtuturo

pamumuno, pagtuturo

Ex: She attended a seminar to improve her leadership skills .Dumalo siya sa isang seminar upang mapabuti ang kanyang mga kasanayan sa **pamumuno**.
freeloader
[Pangngalan]

a person who habitually takes advantage of others' generosity without offering anything in return

patay-gutom, palamunin

patay-gutom, palamunin

Ex: Despite contributing nothing to the household expenses , he always managed to be the first in line for dinner , earning himself the title of the family freeloader.Sa kabila ng hindi pag-ambag sa mga gastusin sa bahay, palagi siyang nakauna sa pila para sa hapunan, na nagtamo sa kanya ng titulong **palamunin** ng pamilya.
momentum
[Pangngalan]

the force or energy that propels a process, idea, or endeavor, enabling it to continue moving, progressing, or gaining strength

momentum, sigla

momentum, sigla

Ex: Economic momentum depends on market stability .Ang **momentum** ng ekonomiya ay nakadepende sa katatagan ng merkado.
equality
[Pangngalan]

the state of having the same opportunities, rights, status, etc. as others

pagkakapantay-pantay

pagkakapantay-pantay

Ex: Equality in voting rights was a significant achievement of the civil rights movement .Ang **pagkakapantay-pantay** sa mga karapatan sa pagboto ay isang makabuluhang tagumpay ng kilusan para sa karapatang sibil.

to be the one who makes important decisions and fully controls a relationship or family

Ex: Their mother wore the trousers in family matters .
common
[pang-uri]

regular and without any exceptional features

karaniwan, pangkaraniwan

karaniwan, pangkaraniwan

Ex: His response was so common that it did n’t stand out in the conversation .Ang kanyang sagot ay napaka**karaniwan** na hindi ito namukod-tangi sa usapan.
distribution
[Pangngalan]

the act of giving a share of something to a group of people in an organized way

pamamahagi, pamahagi

pamamahagi, pamahagi

enforcement
[Pangngalan]

the action of making people obey a law or regulation

pagpapatupad, pagsasagawa

pagpapatupad, pagsasagawa

Ex: Effective enforcement of copyright laws is crucial to protect intellectual property rights .Ang epektibong **pagpapatupad** ng mga batas sa copyright ay mahalaga para protektahan ang mga karapatan sa intelektuwal na pag-aari.
opportunity
[Pangngalan]

a situation or a chance where doing or achieving something particular becomes possible or easier

pagkakataon, oportunidad

pagkakataon, oportunidad

Ex: Learning a new language opens up opportunities for travel and cultural exchange .Ang pag-aaral ng bagong wika ay nagbubukas ng **mga oportunidad** para sa paglalakbay at palitan ng kultura.
ballot
[Pangngalan]

a piece of paper on which a vote is written

balota, boto

balota, boto

Ex: The ballot was designed to be simple and clear to help voters make informed decisions .Ang **balota** ay dinisenyo upang maging simple at malinaw upang matulungan ang mga botante na gumawa ng mga desisyong may kaalaman.
candidate
[Pangngalan]

someone who is competing in an election or for a job position

kandidato, kandidata

kandidato, kandidata

Ex: The candidate promised to tackle climate change if elected .Ang **kandidato** ay nangakong haharapin ang pagbabago ng klima kung mahahalal.
constituency
[Pangngalan]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

distritong elektoral, botante

distritong elektoral, botante

Ex: A survey was conducted to gauge the opinion of the constituency on the new tax reform .Isang survey ang isinagawa upang sukatin ang opinyon ng **constituency** tungkol sa bagong reporma sa buwis.
electorate
[Pangngalan]

the group of people who are eligible to vote in an election

elektorado, pangkat ng mga botante

elektorado, pangkat ng mga botante

Ex: Candidates often tailor their messages to address the concerns of the electorate.Ang mga kandidato ay madalas na nag-aayos ng kanilang mga mensahe upang tugunan ang mga alalahanin ng **elektorado**.
manifesto
[Pangngalan]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifesto, pahayag publiko

manifesto, pahayag publiko

Ex: The student union published a manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .Ang samahan ng mga mag-aaral ay naglathala ng isang **manifesto** upang itaguyod ang mas mahusay na mga mapagkukunan ng edukasyon.
polling station
[Pangngalan]

a specific place where voters go to cast their vote in an election

presinto ng halalan, istasyon ng pagboto

presinto ng halalan, istasyon ng pagboto

Ex: Security measures were put in place at every polling station to ensure a fair process .Ang mga hakbang sa seguridad ay inilagay sa bawat **presinto ng pagboto** upang matiyak ang isang patas na proseso.
turnout
[Pangngalan]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

bilang ng mga botante, antas ng partisipasyon

bilang ng mga botante, antas ng partisipasyon

Ex: Efforts to increase voter turnout included extending polling hours and providing transportation.Ang mga pagsisikap na dagdagan ang **turnout ng mga botante** ay kasama ang pagpapahaba ng oras ng pagboto at pagbibigay ng transportasyon.
to abolish
[Pandiwa]

to officially put an end to a law, activity, or system

alisin, buwagin

alisin, buwagin

Ex: The city has abolished the use of plastic bags .Ang lungsod ay **nag-abolish** sa paggamit ng mga plastic bag.
to eradicate
[Pandiwa]

to completely destroy something, particularly a problem or threat

puksain, lipulin

puksain, lipulin

Ex: The vaccination campaign successfully eradicated the spread of the infectious disease .Matagumpay na **nawala** ng kampanya sa pagbabakuna ang pagkalat ng nakakahawang sakit.
policy
[Pangngalan]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

patakaran

patakaran

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying.Ang distrito ng paaralan ay nagpatibay ng isang **patakaran** ng zero-tolerance para sa pambu-bully.
to pledge
[Pandiwa]

to formally promise to do something

mangako, pangako

mangako, pangako

Ex: During the campaign , the candidate was pledging to improve education for all citizens .Sa panahon ng kampanya, ang kandidato ay **nangangako** na pagbutihin ang edukasyon para sa lahat ng mamamayan.
to swear
[Pandiwa]

to use offensive or vulgar language in order to express strong emotions

mura, sumpa

mura, sumpa

Ex: Upset by the news , she could n't help but swear under her breath .Nalungkot sa balita, hindi niya mapigilang **mura** nang pasigaw.
tyranny
[Pangngalan]

a type of government where a ruler or a small group of people have complete power and control over the citizens, often making decisions without considering their rights or welfare

tiraniya, despotismo

tiraniya, despotismo

Ex: Throughout history , humanity has grappled with the destructive force of tyranny, as power-hungry individuals seek to subjugate and control others .Sa buong kasaysayan, ang sangkatauhan ay nakipaglaban sa mapanirang puwersa ng **tiraniya**, habang ang mga indibidwal na naghahangad ng kapangyarihan ay nagsisikap na pasukuin at kontrolin ang iba.
arms
[Pangngalan]

weapons in general, especially those used by the military

armas, sandata

armas, sandata

Ex: Soldiers were trained extensively in the use of various arms before being deployed to the front lines .Ang mga sundalo ay sinanay nang husto sa paggamit ng iba't ibang **armas** bago ipadala sa mga linya ng harapan.
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