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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Pananaw

Dito matututo ka ng ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa punto de vista, tulad ng "ipagtanggol", "talo", "paninindigan", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Pagsusulit

Simulan ang pag-aaral
Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
to maintain
to maintain
[Pandiwa]

to firmly and persistently express an opinion, belief, or statement as true and valid

panindigan, ipagtanggol

panindigan, ipagtanggol

Ex: The scientist maintains that climate change is a significant threat that needs immediate attention. 

Pinaninindigan ng siyentipiko na ang pagbabago ng klima ay isang makabuluhang banta na nangangailangan ng agarang atensyon.

to hold
to hold
[Pandiwa]

to have a specific opinion or belief about someone or something

hawakan, magkaroon

hawakan, magkaroon

Ex: My grandfather held traditional values when it came to family. 
to defend
to defend
[Pandiwa]

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

ipagtanggol, suportahan

ipagtanggol, suportahan

Ex: The writer's latest book aims to defend her controversial views on social issues. 
to advocate
to advocate
[Pandiwa]

to publicly recommend or encourage a particular action, approach, or way of doing something

itaguyod,  irekomenda

itaguyod, irekomenda

Ex: Doctors often advocate regular exercise as part of a healthy lifestyle. 
to calculate
to calculate
[Pandiwa]

to form an opinion by considering the information at hand

suriin, tantiyahin

suriin, tantiyahin

Ex: They calculated that they would need additional staff to meet the deadline. 
to dispute
to dispute
[Pandiwa]

to argue with someone, particularly over the ownership of something, facts, etc.

makipagtalo, makipag-away

makipagtalo, makipag-away

Ex: The two colleagues started to dispute the best approach to solving the project's challenges. 
to generalize
to generalize
[Pandiwa]

to form a broad conclusion or principle by considering specific instances

mag-generalisa, mag-unibersalisa

mag-generalisa, mag-unibersalisa

Ex: Scientists generalize results from a small study to a larger population. 

Nag-ge-generalize ang mga siyentipiko ng mga resulta mula sa isang maliit na pag-aaral sa isang mas malaking populasyon.

to go against
to go against
[Pandiwa]

to disagree with or not fit well with a specific rule, concept, or standard

laban sa, hindi sumasang-ayon sa

laban sa, hindi sumasang-ayon sa

Ex: Her principles go against the idea of exploiting natural resources for profit. 

Ang kanyang mga prinsipyo ay sumasalungat sa ideya ng pagsasamantala sa mga likas na yaman para sa tubo.

to invoke
to invoke
[Pandiwa]

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

tumukoy, humiling ng tulong

tumukoy, humiling ng tulong

Ex: She invoked the words of Gandhi to inspire her audience during the speech. 

Inimbitahan niya ang mga salita ni Gandhi upang maging inspirasyon sa kanyang mga tagapakinig sa panahon ng pagsasalita.

to stand
to stand
[Pandiwa]

to have a certain opinion regarding an issue

tumayo, maging

tumayo, maging

Ex: Where do you stand on this issue? 
to speculate
to speculate
[Pandiwa]

to form a theory or opinion about a subject without knowing all the facts

maghinala, gumawa ng teorya

maghinala, gumawa ng teorya

Ex: Observing the unusual behavior, scientists began to speculate about the potential causes of the phenomenon. 

Sa pagmamasid sa hindi pangkaraniwang pag-uugali, ang mga siyentipiko ay nagsimulang maghaka-haka tungkol sa mga posibleng sanhi ng penomenon.

to differ
to differ
[Pandiwa]

to disagree with someone or to hold different opinions, viewpoints, or beliefs

magkaiba, hindi sumasang-ayon

magkaiba, hindi sumasang-ayon

Ex: The team members differed in their preferences for the design of the new website. 
to contradict
to contradict
[Pandiwa]

to disagree with someone, particularly by asserting the opposite of their statement

salungat, pasinungalingan

salungat, pasinungalingan

Ex: She contradicted his claim that the project was on schedule. 

Sinagot niya ang kanyang pahayag na ang proyekto ay nasa iskedyul.

to bet
to bet
[Pandiwa]

to express confidence or certainty in something happening or being the case

pumusta, tumaya

pumusta, tumaya

Ex: I bet she's still in bed. 
assessment
assessment
[Pangngalan]

the act of judging or evaluating someone or something carefully based on specific standards or principles

pagsusuri, evaluasyon

pagsusuri, evaluasyon

Ex: The annual performance assessment helped employees and managers identify areas for improvement. 
assertion
assertion
[Pangngalan]

the act of claiming something or declaring something to be true

pagsasabi, pahayag

pagsasabi, pahayag

bias
bias
[Pangngalan]

an unfair preference or tendency that influences judgment

pagkiling,  prehuwisyo

pagkiling, prehuwisyo

Ex: The researchers tried to eliminate bias from the selection process. 
controversial
controversial
[pang-uri]

causing a lot of strong public disagreement or discussion

kontrobersyal,  maingay

kontrobersyal, maingay

Ex: Many people find her statements on the issue controversial. 

Maraming tao ang nakakita ng kanyang mga pahayag sa isyu bilang kontrobersyal.

counterargument
counterargument
[Pangngalan]

an opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory

kontra-argumento, salungat na pananaw

kontra-argumento, salungat na pananaw

Ex: She anticipated the counterarguments to her proposal and prepared strong rebuttals. 

Inasahan niya ang mga kontra-argumento sa kanyang panukala at naghanda ng matatapang na pagtutol.

furthermore
furthermore
[pang-abay]

used to introduce additional information

bukod pa rito, dagdag pa

bukod pa rito, dagdag pa

Ex: The research findings supported the hypothesis, and furthermore, they provided valuable insights into potential applications. 

Sinoportahan ng mga natuklasan sa pananaliksik ang hipotesis, at higit pa rito, nagbigay sila ng mahalagang mga pananaw sa mga potensyal na aplikasyon.

to oppose
to oppose
[Pandiwa]

to strongly disagree with a policy, plan, idea, etc. and try to prevent or change it

tutulan, labanan

tutulan, labanan

Ex: He strongly opposed her idea, believing it would not solve the underlying problem. 
to object
to object
[Pandiwa]

to give a fact or an opinion as a reason against something

tutulan, sumalungat

tutulan, sumalungat

Ex: Local residents objected that the new factory would cause significant pollution in the area. 
inclined
inclined
[pang-uri]

having a tendency to do something

hilig, nakahilig

hilig, nakahilig

Ex: She is inclined to believe the best in people, even when others are skeptical. 

Siya ay nakahilig na maniwala sa pinakamabuti sa mga tao, kahit na ang iba ay may pag-aalinlangan.

moderate
moderate
[pang-uri]

not extreme in opinions, beliefs, policies, or behavior

katamtaman, moderado

katamtaman, moderado

Ex: The organization includes members with moderate political views. 
mainstream
mainstream
[Pangngalan]

the opinions, activities, or methods that are considered normal because they are accepted by a majority of people

pangunahing daloy, karaniwang tanggap

pangunahing daloy, karaniwang tanggap

Ex: His views are far from the mainstream, often sparking controversy. 

Ang kanyang mga pananaw ay malayo sa pangunahing daloy, madalas na nagdudulot ng kontrobersya.

division
division
[Pangngalan]

disagreement among members of a group or society

pagkakahati, hindi pagkakasundo

pagkakahati, hindi pagkakasundo

Ex: A strong sense of division emerged after the policy changes were announced. 
inference
inference
[Pangngalan]

a conclusion one reaches from the existing evidence or known facts

inperensiya, pagpapalagay

inperensiya, pagpapalagay

Ex: In literature, readers often make inferences about characters' motivations based on their actions and dialogue. 

Sa panitikan, madalas gumawa ang mga mambabasa ng mga inference tungkol sa motibasyon ng mga tauhan batay sa kanilang mga aksyon at diyalogo.

objective
objective
[pang-uri]

based only on facts and not influenced by personal feelings or judgments

objektibo, walang kinikilingan

objektibo, walang kinikilingan

Ex: During the debate, both sides presented objective arguments supported by evidence. 
subjective
subjective
[pang-uri]

based on or influenced by personal feelings or opinions rather than facts

subhetibo, personal

subhetibo, personal

Ex: The art critic's review was subjective, reflecting her personal taste rather than objective analysis. 

Ang pagsusuri ng kritiko sa sining ay subjective, na nagpapakita ng kanyang personal na panlasa kaysa sa objective na pagsusuri.

arguable
arguable
[pang-uri]

open to question and disagreement

maipapagtatalunan, mapag-aalinlanganan

maipapagtatalunan, mapag-aalinlanganan

Ex: His actions during the crisis are arguable, as some believe he acted wisely while others disagree. 

Ang kanyang mga aksyon sa panahon ng krisis ay mapag-aalinlangan, dahil ang ilan ay naniniwala na siya ay kumilos nang matalino habang ang iba ay hindi sumasang-ayon.

affirmative
affirmative
[pang-uri]

favorable or supportive in attitude or response

positibo, sumusuporta

positibo, sumusuporta

Ex: In her role as a mentor, Sarah consistently provides affirmative guidance, empowering her mentees to pursue their goals with confidence. 

Sa kanyang papel bilang isang mentor, patuloy na nagbibigay si Sarah ng pang-akit na gabay, na nagbibigay kapangyarihan sa kanyang mga mentee na ituloy ang kanilang mga layunin nang may kumpiyansa.

argumentative
argumentative
[pang-uri]

(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing

argumentative,  palaaway

argumentative, palaaway

Ex: His argumentative nature often leads to heated discussions with his peers. 

Ang kanyang mapagtalo na kalikasan ay madalas na humahantong sa mainit na talakayan sa kanyang mga kapantay.

challenging
challenging
[pang-uri]

intending to provoke thought or discussion

nakapagpapasigla, nakapagpapagalit

nakapagpapasigla, nakapagpapagalit

Ex: His challenging questions made everyone rethink their assumptions. 

Ang kanyang mga hamon na tanong ay nagpaisip sa lahat sa kanilang mga palagay.

hostile
hostile
[pang-uri]

strongly opposed to or rejecting an idea, plan, or action

pagalit,  tutol

pagalit, tutol

Ex: Many residents were hostile to the proposed development. 
consistency
consistency
[Pangngalan]

the quality of always acting or being the same way, or having the same opinions or standards

pagkakapareho,  pagkakasunod-sunod

pagkakapareho, pagkakasunod-sunod

Ex: Successful athletes attribute their achievements to discipline and consistency in training. 

Itinuturo ng matagumpay na mga atleta ang kanilang mga tagumpay sa disiplina at pagkakapare-pareho sa pagsasanay.

criticism
criticism
[Pangngalan]

negative feedback that highlights mistakes or areas for improvement

pintas,  puna

pintas, puna

Ex: The manager's criticism pushed the team to perform better next time. 
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