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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Point of View

Here you will learn some English words about point of view, such as "defend", "dispute", "stand", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
to maintain

to firmly and persistently express an opinion, belief, or statement as true and valid

Ex: She maintains that her interpretation of the data is correct despite the opposition. 
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to hold
to hold
[Verb]

to have a specific opinion or belief about someone or something

Ex: My grandfather held traditional values when it came to family. 
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to defend
to defend
[Verb]

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

Ex: She worked hard to defend her research against critics in the academic community. 
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to advocate

to publicly support or recommend something

Ex: The environmentalist passionately advocates for sustainable living practices. 
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to calculate

to form an opinion by considering the information at hand

Ex: He calculated that it would be more cost-effective to rent rather than buy. 
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to dispute

to argue with someone, particularly over the ownership of something, facts, etc.

Ex: The two colleagues started to dispute the best approach to solving the project's challenges. 
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to generalize

to form a broad conclusion or principle by considering specific instances

Ex: Scientists generalize results from a small study to a larger population. 
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to go against

to disagree with or not fit well with a specific rule, concept, or standard

Ex: Her principles go against the idea of exploiting natural resources for profit. 
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to invoke
to invoke
[Verb]

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

Ex: She invoked the words of Gandhi to inspire her audience during the speech. 
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to stand
to stand
[Verb]

to have a certain opinion regarding an issue

Ex: He firmly stands against animal cruelty. 
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to speculate

to form a theory or opinion about a subject without knowing all the facts

Ex: Observing the unusual behavior, scientists began to speculate about the potential causes of the phenomenon. 
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to differ
to differ
[Verb]

to disagree with someone or to hold different opinions, viewpoints, or beliefs

Ex: They differed on the best approach to solving the problem. 
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to contradict

to disagree with someone, particularly by asserting the opposite of their statement

Ex: She contradicted his claim that the project was on schedule. 
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to bet
to bet
[Verb]

to express confidence or certainty in something happening or being the case

Ex: I bet it will rain tomorrow because the sky looks very cloudy. 
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assessment

the act of judging or evaluating someone or something carefully based on specific standards or principles

Ex: The teacher conducted an assessment of her students' understanding through a series of quizzes and tests. 
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assertion
assertion
[noun]

the act of claiming something or declaring something to be true

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bias
bias
[noun]

a prejudice that prevents fair consideration of a situation

Ex: The judge showed bias and didn't treat both sides fairly. 
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controversial
controversial
[Adjective]

causing a lot of strong public disagreement or discussion

Ex: The politician's controversial statements about immigration sparked heated discussions among voters. 
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counterargument

an opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory

Ex: She anticipated the counterarguments to her proposal and prepared strong rebuttals. 
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furthermore
furthermore
[Adverb]

used to introduce additional information

Ex: The research findings supported the hypothesis, and furthermore, they provided valuable insights into potential applications. 
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to oppose
to oppose
[Verb]

to strongly disagree with a policy, plan, idea, etc. and try to prevent or change it

Ex: The local residents opposed the construction of the new factory due to environmental concerns. 
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to object
to object
[Verb]

to give a fact or an opinion as a reason against something

Ex: She objected that the new rule would unfairly penalize part-time employees. 
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inclined
inclined
[Adjective]

having a tendency to do something

Ex: She is inclined to believe the best in people, even when others are skeptical. 
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moderate
moderate
[Adjective]

(of a person or ideology) not extreme or radical and considered reasonable by a majority of people

Ex: She holds moderate views on economic policy, advocating for balanced approaches. 
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mainstream

the opinions, activities, or methods that are considered normal because they are accepted by a majority of people

Ex: Despite her unconventional ideas, she managed to gain acceptance in the mainstream over time. 
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division
division
[noun]

disagreement among members of a group or society

Ex: Political division within the country has grown over recent years. 
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inference
inference
[noun]

a conclusion one reaches from the existing evidence or known facts

Ex: The detective made a crucial inference about the suspect's alibi based on the new evidence. 
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objective
objective
[Adjective]

based only on facts and not influenced by personal feelings or judgments

Ex: The journalist strived to provide an objective report, presenting the facts without bias. 
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subjective
subjective
[Adjective]

based on or influenced by personal feelings or opinions rather than facts

Ex: The art critic's review was subjective, reflecting her personal taste rather than objective analysis. 
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arguable
arguable
[Adjective]

open to question and disagreement

Ex: The decision to raise taxes is arguable, with people holding different opinions on the matter. 
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affirmative
affirmative
[Adjective]

favorable or supportive in attitude or response

Ex: In her role as a mentor, Sarah consistently provides affirmative guidance, empowering her mentees to pursue their goals with confidence. 
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argumentative
argumentative
[Adjective]

(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing

Ex: His argumentative nature often leads to heated discussions with his peers. 
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challenging
challenging
[Adjective]

intending to provoke thought or discussion

Ex: His challenging questions made everyone rethink their assumptions. 
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hostile
hostile
[Adjective]

strongly opposing or resistant to something

Ex: He was hostile to the new proposal. 
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consistency

the quality of always acting or being the same way, or having the same opinions or standards

Ex: Successful athletes attribute their achievements to discipline and consistency in training. 
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criticism
criticism
[noun]

negative feedback that highlights mistakes or areas for improvement

Ex: His criticism helped me see flaws I hadn’t noticed before. 
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