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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Úhel Pohledu

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o úhlu pohledu, jako "obhajovat", "spor", "postoj" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
to maintain
to maintain
[sloveso]

to firmly and persistently express an opinion, belief, or statement as true and valid

udržovat, trvat na

udržovat, trvat na

Ex: She maintains that her interpretation of the data is correct despite the opposition. 
to hold
to hold
[sloveso]

to have a specific opinion or belief about someone or something

držet, mít

držet, mít

Ex: My grandfather held traditional values when it came to family. 
to defend
to defend
[sloveso]

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

bránit, podporovat

bránit, podporovat

Ex: She worked hard to defend her research against critics in the academic community. 
to advocate
to advocate
[sloveso]

to publicly support or recommend something

obhajovat, podporovat

obhajovat, podporovat

Ex: The environmentalist passionately advocates for sustainable living practices. 
to calculate
to calculate
[sloveso]

to form an opinion by considering the information at hand

hodnotit, odhadovat

hodnotit, odhadovat

Ex: He calculated that it would be more cost-effective to rent rather than buy. 
to dispute
to dispute
[sloveso]

to argue with someone, particularly over the ownership of something, facts, etc.

sporit, diskutovat

sporit, diskutovat

Ex: The two colleagues started to dispute the best approach to solving the project's challenges. 
to generalize
to generalize
[sloveso]

to form a broad conclusion or principle by considering specific instances

zobecňovat, univerzalizovat

zobecňovat, univerzalizovat

Ex: Scientists generalize results from a small study to a larger population. 
to go against
to go against
[sloveso]

to disagree with or not fit well with a specific rule, concept, or standard

jít proti, být v rozporu s

jít proti, být v rozporu s

Ex: Her principles go against the idea of exploiting natural resources for profit. 
to invoke
to invoke
[sloveso]

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

odvolávat se, vyzývat

odvolávat se, vyzývat

Ex: She invoked the words of Gandhi to inspire her audience during the speech. 
to stand
to stand
[sloveso]

to have a certain opinion regarding an issue

stát, být

stát, být

Ex: He firmly stands against animal cruelty. 
to speculate
to speculate
[sloveso]

to form a theory or opinion about a subject without knowing all the facts

spekulovat, formulovat teorie

spekulovat, formulovat teorie

Ex: Observing the unusual behavior, scientists began to speculate about the potential causes of the phenomenon. 
to differ
to differ
[sloveso]

to disagree with someone or to hold different opinions, viewpoints, or beliefs

lišit se, nesouhlasit

lišit se, nesouhlasit

Ex: They differed on the best approach to solving the problem. 
to contradict
to contradict
[sloveso]

to disagree with someone, particularly by asserting the opposite of their statement

odporovat, vyvrátit

odporovat, vyvrátit

Ex: She contradicted his claim that the project was on schedule. 
to bet
to bet
[sloveso]

to express confidence or certainty in something happening or being the case

vsadit, sázet

vsadit, sázet

Ex: I bet it will rain tomorrow because the sky looks very cloudy. 
assessment
assessment
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of judging or evaluating someone or something carefully based on specific standards or principles

hodnocení, posouzení

hodnocení, posouzení

Ex: The teacher conducted an assessment of her students' understanding through a series of quizzes and tests. 
assertion
assertion
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of claiming something or declaring something to be true

tvrzení, prohlášení

tvrzení, prohlášení

bias
bias
[Podstatné jméno]

a prejudice that prevents fair consideration of a situation

předsudek, straničnost

předsudek, straničnost

Ex: The judge showed bias and didn't treat both sides fairly. 
controversial
controversial
[Přídavné jméno]

causing a lot of strong public disagreement or discussion

kontroverzní,  sporný

kontroverzní, sporný

Ex: The politician's controversial statements about immigration sparked heated discussions among voters. 
counterargument
counterargument
[Podstatné jméno]

an opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory

protinázor, opačný argument

protinázor, opačný argument

Ex: She anticipated the counterarguments to her proposal and prepared strong rebuttals. 
furthermore
furthermore
[Příslovce]

used to introduce additional information

navíc, dále

navíc, dále

Ex: The research findings supported the hypothesis, and furthermore, they provided valuable insights into potential applications. 
to oppose
to oppose
[sloveso]

to strongly disagree with a policy, plan, idea, etc. and try to prevent or change it

odporovat, bránit se

odporovat, bránit se

Ex: The local residents opposed the construction of the new factory due to environmental concerns. 
to object
to object
[sloveso]

to give a fact or an opinion as a reason against something

namítat, protestovat

namítat, protestovat

Ex: She objected that the new rule would unfairly penalize part-time employees. 
inclined
inclined
[Přídavné jméno]

having a tendency to do something

nakloněný, skloněný

nakloněný, skloněný

Ex: She is inclined to believe the best in people, even when others are skeptical. 
moderate
moderate
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a person or ideology) not extreme or radical and considered reasonable by a majority of people

umírněný, střídmý

umírněný, střídmý

Ex: She holds moderate views on economic policy, advocating for balanced approaches. 
mainstream
mainstream
[Podstatné jméno]

the opinions, activities, or methods that are considered normal because they are accepted by a majority of people

hlavní proud, mainstream

hlavní proud, mainstream

Ex: Despite her unconventional ideas, she managed to gain acceptance in the mainstream over time. 
division
division
[Podstatné jméno]

disagreement among members of a group or society

rozdělení, nesouhlas

rozdělení, nesouhlas

Ex: Political division within the country has grown over recent years. 
inference
inference
[Podstatné jméno]

a conclusion one reaches from the existing evidence or known facts

závěr, usuzování

závěr, usuzování

Ex: The detective made a crucial inference about the suspect's alibi based on the new evidence. 
objective
objective
[Přídavné jméno]

based only on facts and not influenced by personal feelings or judgments

objektivní, nestranný

objektivní, nestranný

Ex: The journalist strived to provide an objective report, presenting the facts without bias. 
subjective
subjective
[Přídavné jméno]

based on or influenced by personal feelings or opinions rather than facts

subjektivní, osobní

subjektivní, osobní

Ex: The art critic's review was subjective, reflecting her personal taste rather than objective analysis. 
arguable
arguable
[Přídavné jméno]

open to question and disagreement

sporný, pochybný

sporný, pochybný

Ex: The decision to raise taxes is arguable, with people holding different opinions on the matter. 
affirmative
affirmative
[Přídavné jméno]

favorable or supportive in attitude or response

kladný, podpůrný

kladný, podpůrný

Ex: In her role as a mentor, Sarah consistently provides affirmative guidance, empowering her mentees to pursue their goals with confidence. 
argumentative
argumentative
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing

hádavý,  argumentační

hádavý, argumentační

Ex: His argumentative nature often leads to heated discussions with his peers. 
challenging
challenging
[Přídavné jméno]

intending to provoke thought or discussion

podnětný, provokativní

podnětný, provokativní

Ex: His challenging questions made everyone rethink their assumptions. 
hostile
hostile
[Přídavné jméno]

strongly opposing or resistant to something

nepřátelský, odmítavý

nepřátelský, odmítavý

Ex: He was hostile to the new proposal. 
consistency
consistency
[Podstatné jméno]

the quality of always acting or being the same way, or having the same opinions or standards

konzistence,  důslednost

konzistence, důslednost

Ex: Successful athletes attribute their achievements to discipline and consistency in training. 
criticism
criticism
[Podstatné jméno]

negative feedback that highlights mistakes or areas for improvement

kritika,  výtka

kritika, výtka

Ex: His criticism helped me see flaws I hadn’t noticed before. 
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