pattern

Podstawowe Słownictwo do TOEFL - Punkt Widzenia

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów dotyczących punktu widzenia, takich jak "bronić", "spierać się", "stanowisko" itp., które są potrzebne do egzaminu TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
to maintain
to maintain
[Czasownik]

to firmly and persistently express an opinion, belief, or statement as true and valid

utrzymywać, twierdzić

utrzymywać, twierdzić

Ex: She maintains that her interpretation of the data is correct despite the opposition. 
to hold
to hold
[Czasownik]

to have a specific opinion or belief about someone or something

trzymać, mieć

trzymać, mieć

Ex: My grandfather held traditional values when it came to family. 
to defend
to defend
[Czasownik]

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

bronić, wspierać

bronić, wspierać

Ex: She worked hard to defend her research against critics in the academic community. 
to advocate
to advocate
[Czasownik]

to publicly support or recommend something

opowiadać się, bronić

opowiadać się, bronić

Ex: The environmentalist passionately advocates for sustainable living practices. 
to calculate
to calculate
[Czasownik]

to form an opinion by considering the information at hand

oceniać, szacować

oceniać, szacować

Ex: He calculated that it would be more cost-effective to rent rather than buy. 
to dispute
to dispute
[Czasownik]

to argue with someone, particularly over the ownership of something, facts, etc.

spierać się, dyskutować

spierać się, dyskutować

Ex: The two colleagues started to dispute the best approach to solving the project's challenges. 
to generalize
to generalize
[Czasownik]

to form a broad conclusion or principle by considering specific instances

uogólniać, uniwersalizować

uogólniać, uniwersalizować

Ex: Scientists generalize results from a small study to a larger population. 
to go against
to go against
[Czasownik]

to disagree with or not fit well with a specific rule, concept, or standard

sprzeciwiać się, być w sprzeczności z

sprzeciwiać się, być w sprzeczności z

Ex: Her principles go against the idea of exploiting natural resources for profit. 
to invoke
to invoke
[Czasownik]

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

powoływać się, odwoływać się

powoływać się, odwoływać się

Ex: She invoked the words of Gandhi to inspire her audience during the speech. 
to stand
to stand
[Czasownik]

to have a certain opinion regarding an issue

stać, być

stać, być

Ex: He firmly stands against animal cruelty. 
to speculate
to speculate
[Czasownik]

to form a theory or opinion about a subject without knowing all the facts

spekulować, formułować teorie

spekulować, formułować teorie

Ex: Observing the unusual behavior, scientists began to speculate about the potential causes of the phenomenon. 
to differ
to differ
[Czasownik]

to disagree with someone or to hold different opinions, viewpoints, or beliefs

różnić się, nie zgadzać się

różnić się, nie zgadzać się

Ex: They differed on the best approach to solving the problem. 
to contradict
to contradict
[Czasownik]

to disagree with someone, particularly by asserting the opposite of their statement

zaprzeczać, obalać

zaprzeczać, obalać

Ex: She contradicted his claim that the project was on schedule. 
to bet
to bet
[Czasownik]

to express confidence or certainty in something happening or being the case

stawiać, zakładać się

stawiać, zakładać się

Ex: I bet it will rain tomorrow because the sky looks very cloudy. 
assessment
assessment
[Rzeczownik]

the act of judging or evaluating someone or something carefully based on specific standards or principles

ocena, ewaluacja

ocena, ewaluacja

Ex: The teacher conducted an assessment of her students' understanding through a series of quizzes and tests. 
assertion
assertion
[Rzeczownik]

the act of claiming something or declaring something to be true

twierdzenie, oświadczenie

twierdzenie, oświadczenie

bias
bias
[Rzeczownik]

a prejudice that prevents fair consideration of a situation

uprzedzenie, stronniczość

uprzedzenie, stronniczość

Ex: The judge showed bias and didn't treat both sides fairly. 
controversial
controversial
[przymiotnik]

causing a lot of strong public disagreement or discussion

kontrowersyjny,  sporny

kontrowersyjny, sporny

Ex: The politician's controversial statements about immigration sparked heated discussions among voters. 
counterargument
counterargument
[Rzeczownik]

an opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory

kontrargument, przeciwny pogląd

kontrargument, przeciwny pogląd

Ex: She anticipated the counterarguments to her proposal and prepared strong rebuttals. 
furthermore
furthermore
[przysłówek]

used to introduce additional information

ponadto, co więcej

ponadto, co więcej

Ex: The research findings supported the hypothesis, and furthermore, they provided valuable insights into potential applications. 
to oppose
to oppose
[Czasownik]

to strongly disagree with a policy, plan, idea, etc. and try to prevent or change it

sprzeciwiać się, opierać się

sprzeciwiać się, opierać się

Ex: The local residents opposed the construction of the new factory due to environmental concerns. 
to object
to object
[Czasownik]

to give a fact or an opinion as a reason against something

sprzeciwiać się, protestować

sprzeciwiać się, protestować

Ex: She objected that the new rule would unfairly penalize part-time employees. 
inclined
inclined
[przymiotnik]

having a tendency to do something

skłonny, pochylony

skłonny, pochylony

Ex: She is inclined to believe the best in people, even when others are skeptical. 
moderate
moderate
[przymiotnik]

(of a person or ideology) not extreme or radical and considered reasonable by a majority of people

umiarkowany, umiarkowany

umiarkowany, umiarkowany

Ex: She holds moderate views on economic policy, advocating for balanced approaches. 
mainstream
mainstream
[Rzeczownik]

the opinions, activities, or methods that are considered normal because they are accepted by a majority of people

główny nurt, mainstream

główny nurt, mainstream

Ex: Despite her unconventional ideas, she managed to gain acceptance in the mainstream over time. 
division
division
[Rzeczownik]

disagreement among members of a group or society

podział, niezgoda

podział, niezgoda

Ex: Political division within the country has grown over recent years. 
inference
inference
[Rzeczownik]

a conclusion one reaches from the existing evidence or known facts

wniosek, wywód

wniosek, wywód

Ex: The detective made a crucial inference about the suspect's alibi based on the new evidence. 
objective
objective
[przymiotnik]

based only on facts and not influenced by personal feelings or judgments

obiektywny, bezstronny

obiektywny, bezstronny

Ex: The journalist strived to provide an objective report, presenting the facts without bias. 
subjective
subjective
[przymiotnik]

based on or influenced by personal feelings or opinions rather than facts

subiektywny, osobisty

subiektywny, osobisty

Ex: The art critic's review was subjective, reflecting her personal taste rather than objective analysis. 
arguable
arguable
[przymiotnik]

open to question and disagreement

dyskusyjny, wątpliwy

dyskusyjny, wątpliwy

Ex: The decision to raise taxes is arguable, with people holding different opinions on the matter. 
affirmative
affirmative
[przymiotnik]

favorable or supportive in attitude or response

twierdzący, wspierający

twierdzący, wspierający

Ex: In her role as a mentor, Sarah consistently provides affirmative guidance, empowering her mentees to pursue their goals with confidence. 
argumentative
argumentative
[przymiotnik]

(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing

kłótliwy,  argumentacyjny

kłótliwy, argumentacyjny

Ex: His argumentative nature often leads to heated discussions with his peers. 
challenging
challenging
[przymiotnik]

intending to provoke thought or discussion

pobudzający, prowokacyjny

pobudzający, prowokacyjny

Ex: His challenging questions made everyone rethink their assumptions. 
hostile
hostile
[przymiotnik]

strongly opposing or resistant to something

wrogi, przeciwny

wrogi, przeciwny

Ex: He was hostile to the new proposal. 
consistency
consistency
[Rzeczownik]

the quality of always acting or being the same way, or having the same opinions or standards

spójność,  konsekwencja

spójność, konsekwencja

Ex: Successful athletes attribute their achievements to discipline and consistency in training. 
criticism
criticism
[Rzeczownik]

negative feedback that highlights mistakes or areas for improvement

krytyka,  nagana

krytyka, nagana

Ex: His criticism helped me see flaws I hadn’t noticed before. 
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