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Vocabulário Essencial para o TOEFL - Ponto de Vista

Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês sobre ponto de vista, como "defender", "disputar", "posição", etc., que são necessárias para o exame TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
to maintain

to firmly and persistently express an opinion, belief, or statement as true and valid

sustentar, afirmar

sustentar, afirmar

Ex: The scientist maintains that climate change is a significant threat that needs immediate attention. 

O cientista sustenta que a mudança climática é uma ameaça significativa que precisa de atenção imediata.

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to hold
to hold
[verbo]

to have a specific opinion or belief about someone or something

manter, ter

manter, ter

Ex: She holds strong views on education. 
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to defend
to defend
[verbo]

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

defender, apoiar

defender, apoiar

Ex: He had to defend his business decisions during the board meeting. 
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to advocate

to publicly recommend or encourage a particular action, approach, or way of doing something

Ex: Experts have advocated taking a more cautious approach. 
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to calculate

to form an opinion by considering the information at hand

avaliar, estimar

avaliar, estimar

Ex: The team calculated that the weather would improve by the weekend. 
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to dispute
to dispute
[verbo]

to argue with someone, particularly over the ownership of something, facts, etc.

disputar, discutir

disputar, discutir

Ex: The brothers disputed ownership of the land. 
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to generalize

to form a broad conclusion or principle by considering specific instances

generalizar, universalizar

generalizar, universalizar

Ex: He tended to generalize from one example to the whole class. 

Ele tendia a generalizar a partir de um exemplo para toda a classe.

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to go against

to disagree with or not fit well with a specific rule, concept, or standard

ir contra, contradizer

ir contra, contradizer

Ex: The new policy goes against the standard procedures followed by most government agencies. 

A nova política vai contra os procedimentos padrão seguidos pela maioria das agências governamentais.

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to invoke
to invoke
[verbo]

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

invocar, apelar para

invocar, apelar para

Ex: In his defense, he invoked his right to remain silent during questioning. 
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to stand
to stand
[verbo]

to have a certain opinion regarding an issue

ficar, ser

ficar, ser

Ex: As an advocate for education, she stands for increased funding for schools. 
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to speculate

to form a theory or opinion about a subject without knowing all the facts

especular, formular teorias

especular, formular teorias

Ex: Neighbors started speculating about the reasons for the sudden increase in security measures. 

Os vizinhos começaram a especular sobre as razões do aumento repentino das medidas de segurança.

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to differ
to differ
[verbo]

to disagree with someone or to hold different opinions, viewpoints, or beliefs

diferir, discordar

diferir, discordar

Ex: Experts in the field may differ in their interpretations of the research findings. 
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to contradict

to disagree with someone, particularly by asserting the opposite of their statement

contradizer, desmentir

contradizer, desmentir

Ex: She contradicted him by providing a different perspective on the issue. 

Ela o contradisseu ao fornecer uma perspectiva diferente sobre o assunto.

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to bet
to bet
[verbo]

to express confidence or certainty in something happening or being the case

apostar, jogar

apostar, jogar

Ex: He's betting that the new restaurant will become a popular spot in town. 
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assessment
assessment
[substantivo]

the act of judging or evaluating someone or something carefully based on specific standards or principles

avaliação, julgamento

avaliação, julgamento

Ex: The doctor performed a medical assessment to evaluate the patient's overall health. 
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assertion
assertion
[substantivo]

the act of claiming something or declaring something to be true

afirmação, declaração

afirmação, declaração

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bias
bias
[substantivo]

an unfair preference or tendency that influences judgment

viés,  preconceito

viés, preconceito

Ex: Daniel made an effort to judge each proposal without bias. 
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controversial
controversial
[adjetivo]

causing a lot of strong public disagreement or discussion

controverso,  polêmico

controverso, polêmico

Ex: The politician's controversial statements about immigration sparked heated discussions among voters. 

As declarações controversas do político sobre imigração desencadearam discussões acaloradas entre os eleitores.

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counterargument
counterargument
[substantivo]

an opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory

contra-argumento, argumento oposto

contra-argumento, argumento oposto

Ex: The professor encouraged students to consider counterarguments to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the topic. 

O professor incentivou os alunos a considerarem contra-argumentos para desenvolver uma compreensão mais abrangente do tópico.

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furthermore
furthermore
[advérbio]

used to introduce additional information

além disso, ademais

além disso, ademais

Ex: Jack's leadership inspires success and adaptability; furthermore, his vision drives the project forward. 

A liderança de Jack inspira sucesso e adaptabilidade; além disso, sua visão impulsiona o projeto.

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to oppose
to oppose
[verbo]

to strongly disagree with a policy, plan, idea, etc. and try to prevent or change it

opor-se, resistir

opor-se, resistir

Ex: The senator opposed the bill, citing its potential negative impact on the economy. 
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to object
to object
[verbo]

to give a fact or an opinion as a reason against something

objetar, opor-se

objetar, opor-se

Ex: He objected that the proposed route was too dangerous for inexperienced hikers. 
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inclined
inclined
[adjetivo]

having a tendency to do something

inclinado, propenso

inclinado, propenso

Ex: He is inclined to procrastinate when faced with difficult tasks. 

Ele está inclinado a procrastinar quando enfrenta tarefas difíceis.

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moderate
moderate
[adjetivo]

not extreme in opinions, beliefs, policies, or behavior

moderado, comedido

moderado, comedido

Ex: Daniel was known for taking moderate positions on controversial issues. 
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mainstream
mainstream
[substantivo]

the opinions, activities, or methods that are considered normal because they are accepted by a majority of people

corrente principal, mainstream

corrente principal, mainstream

Ex: His views are far from the mainstream, often sparking controversy. 

Suas opiniões estão longe do mainstream, muitas vezes provocando controvérsia.

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division
division
[substantivo]

disagreement among members of a group or society

divisão, desacordo

divisão, desacordo

Ex: Religious differences often lead to division within communities. 
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inference
inference
[substantivo]

a conclusion one reaches from the existing evidence or known facts

inferência, dedução

inferência, dedução

Ex: In literature, readers often make inferences about characters' motivations based on their actions and dialogue. 

Na literatura, os leitores frequentemente fazem inferências sobre as motivações dos personagens com base em suas ações e diálogos.

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objective
objective
[adjetivo]

based only on facts and not influenced by personal feelings or judgments

objetivo, imparcial

objetivo, imparcial

Ex: The journalist strived to provide an objective report, presenting the facts without bias. 
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subjective
subjective
[adjetivo]

based on or influenced by personal feelings or opinions rather than facts

subjetivo, pessoal

subjetivo, pessoal

Ex: Their ranking system was too subjective, making it hard to measure fairness. 

O sistema de classificação deles era muito subjetivo, dificultando a medição da justiça.

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arguable
arguable
[adjetivo]

open to question and disagreement

discutível, questionável

discutível, questionável

Ex: His actions during the crisis are arguable, as some believe he acted wisely while others disagree. 

Suas ações durante a crise são discutíveis, pois alguns acreditam que ele agiu sabiamente enquanto outros discordam.

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affirmative
affirmative
[adjetivo]

favorable or supportive in attitude or response

afirmativo, favorável

afirmativo, favorável

Ex: The senator's speech was met with affirmative cheers from the audience, showing widespread agreement with his views. 

O discurso do senador foi recebido com aplausos afirmativos do público, mostrando um amplo acordo com seus pontos de vista.

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argumentative
argumentative
[adjetivo]

(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing

argumentativo,  discutidor

argumentativo, discutidor

Ex: Despite his argumentative tendencies, he was respected for his critical thinking skills. 

Apesar de suas tendências argumentativas, ele era respeitado por suas habilidades de pensamento crítico.

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challenging
challenging
[adjetivo]

intending to provoke thought or discussion

estimulante, provocador

estimulante, provocador

Ex: His speech was challenging, urging the audience to reconsider their beliefs. 

Seu discurso foi desafiador, instando o público a reconsiderar suas crenças.

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hostile
hostile
[adjetivo]

strongly opposed to or rejecting an idea, plan, or action

hostil,  contrário

hostil, contrário

Ex: Some customers are hostile to any change in the service. 
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consistency
consistency
[substantivo]

the quality of always acting or being the same way, or having the same opinions or standards

consistência,  constância

consistência, constância

Ex: Her consistency in academic performance earned her recognition as the top student in the class. 

A sua consistência no desempenho acadêmico valeu-lhe o reconhecimento como a melhor aluna da turma.

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criticism
criticism
[substantivo]

negative feedback that highlights mistakes or areas for improvement

crítica,  censura

crítica, censura

Ex: Her criticism felt personal, but it was focused on improving the work. 
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