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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas C1 - Panghihikayat at Diskurso

Dito matututo ka ng ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa panghihikayat at diskurso, tulad ng "pronounced", "favorably", "debatable", atbp. inihanda para sa mga mag-aaral ng antas C1.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
CEFR C1 Vocabulary
to advocate
to advocate
[Pandiwa]

to publicly support or recommend something

taguyod, suportahan

taguyod, suportahan

Ex: The environmentalist passionately advocates for sustainable living practices. 

Ang environmentalist ay masigasig na nagtataguyod ng mga praktika ng sustainable living.

to appraise
to appraise
[Pandiwa]

to estimate or assess the value, quality, or performance of something or someone

tayahin, hatulan

tayahin, hatulan

Ex: She appraised his artwork and offered constructive feedback on how to improve his technique. 

Tiniyak niya ang kanyang likhang sining at nagbigay ng konstruktibong puna kung paano mapapabuti ang kanyang pamamaraan.

to assert
to assert
[Pandiwa]

to clearly and confidently say that something is the case

magpahayag, magpatunay

magpahayag, magpatunay

Ex: During the debate, the politician asserted their stance on the controversial issue. 

Sa panahon ng debate, iginiit ng politiko ang kanilang paninindigan sa kontrobersyal na isyu.

to bias
to bias
[Pandiwa]

to unfairly influence or manipulate something or someone in favor of one particular opinion or point of view

makiling na impluwensyahan, manipulahin nang may kinikilingan

makiling na impluwensyahan, manipulahin nang may kinikilingan

Ex: She biased the hiring process by favoring candidates from her alma mater. 

Pinaboran niya ang proseso ng pagkuha sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay-pabor sa mga kandidato mula sa kanyang alma mater.

to calculate
to calculate
[Pandiwa]

to form an opinion by considering the information at hand

suriin, tantiyahin

suriin, tantiyahin

Ex: He calculated that it would be more cost-effective to rent rather than buy. 

Kinakalkula niya na mas magiging cost-effective ang pagrenta kaysa bumili.

to commit
to commit
[Pandiwa]

to state that one is bound to do something specific

mangako, magtalaga

mangako, magtalaga

Ex: In response to the crisis, the humanitarian organization committed to providing emergency relief and support to affected communities. 

Bilang tugon sa krisis, nangako ang organisasyong humanitarian na magbibigay ng emergency relief at suporta sa mga apektadong komunidad.

to confer
to confer
[Pandiwa]

to exchange opinions and have discussions with others, often to come to an agreement or decision

mag-usap, pagtalunan

mag-usap, pagtalunan

Ex: The board members will confer next week to finalize the budget for the upcoming fiscal year. 

Ang mga miyembro ng lupon ay magkakaroon ng pag-uusap sa susunod na linggo upang tapusin ang badyet para sa darating na fiscal year.

to conform
to conform
[Pandiwa]

to adjust oneself in order to align with new or different circumstances or expectations

sumunod,  umangkop

sumunod, umangkop

Ex: She felt pressured to conform to the fashion trends of her peers. 

Naramdaman niya ang pressure na sumunod sa mga fashion trend ng kanyang mga kaedad.

to contend
to contend
[Pandiwa]

to argue the truth of something

magtanggol, magpahayag

magtanggol, magpahayag

Ex: The lawyer contended that her client was innocent based on new evidence presented in court. 

Ipinagtanggol ng abogado na inosente ang kanyang kliyente batay sa bagong ebidensyang ipinakita sa korte.

to contradict
to contradict
[Pandiwa]

(of pieces of evidence, facts, statements, etc.) to be opposite or very different in a way that it is impossible for all to be true at the same time

salungat

salungat

Ex: The witness's testimony contradicted the forensic evidence presented in court, leading to doubts about the accuracy of the case. 

Ang testimonya ng saksi ay sumalungat sa ebidensiyang forensic na iniharap sa korte, na nagdulot ng pagdududa sa katumpakan ng kaso.

contradictory
contradictory
[pang-uri]

(of statements, beliefs, facts, etc.) incompatible or opposed to one another, even if not strictly illogical

magkasalungat, hindi tugma

magkasalungat, hindi tugma

Ex: The contradictory evidence in the case made it difficult to reach a conclusion. 

Ang magkasalungat na ebidensya sa kaso ay nagpahirap sa pag-abot sa isang konklusyon.

to convert
to convert
[Pandiwa]

to change the form, purpose, character, etc. of something

baguhin, i-convert

baguhin, i-convert

Ex: They plan to convert the old warehouse into a modern art gallery. 

Plano nilang i-convert ang lumang bodega sa isang modernong art gallery.

to deduce
to deduce
[Pandiwa]

to determine by a process of logical reasoning

hinuha, magpasya sa pamamagitan ng lohikal na pangangatwiran

hinuha, magpasya sa pamamagitan ng lohikal na pangangatwiran

Ex: From the evidence presented, the detective deduced the likely sequence of events. 

Mula sa mga ebidensyang ipinakita, hininuha ng detective ang malamang na pagkakasunod-sunod ng mga pangyayari.

to deem
to deem
[Pandiwa]

to consider in a particular manner

ituring, isipin

ituring, isipin

Ex: The committee deemed the proposal worthy of further consideration. 

Itinuring ng komite ang panukala na karapat-dapat para sa karagdagang pagsasaalang-alang.

to dispute
to dispute
[Pandiwa]

to argue with someone, particularly over the ownership of something, facts, etc.

makipagtalo, makipag-away

makipagtalo, makipag-away

Ex: The neighbors began to dispute property boundaries, resulting in a heated argument. 

Ang mga kapitbahay ay nagsimulang magtalo tungkol sa mga hangganan ng ari-arian, na nagresulta sa isang mainit na pagtatalo.

to echo
to echo
[Pandiwa]

to repeat opinions or statements of another person, particularly to show support or agreement

umalingawngaw, ulitin

umalingawngaw, ulitin

Ex: She echoed her colleague's concerns about the new policy, emphasizing the potential risks involved. 

Inulit niya ang mga alalahanin ng kanyang kasamahan tungkol sa bagong patakaran, na binibigyang-diin ang mga potensyal na panganib.

anti
anti
[Preposisyon]

used to convey that one is against something

laban

laban

Ex: She joined the protest to show her anti-war stance and demand peace. 

Sumali siya sa protesta para ipakita ang kanyang laban-sa-digma na paninindigan at humingi ng kapayapaan.

affirmative
affirmative
[pang-uri]

favorable or supportive in attitude or response

positibo, sumusuporta

positibo, sumusuporta

Ex: In her role as a mentor, Sarah consistently provides affirmative guidance, empowering her mentees to pursue their goals with confidence. 

Sa kanyang papel bilang isang mentor, patuloy na nagbibigay si Sarah ng pang-akit na gabay, na nagbibigay kapangyarihan sa kanyang mga mentee na ituloy ang kanilang mga layunin nang may kumpiyansa.

challenging
challenging
[pang-uri]

intending to provoke thought or discussion

nakapagpapasigla, nakapagpapagalit

nakapagpapasigla, nakapagpapagalit

Ex: His challenging questions made everyone rethink their assumptions. 

Ang kanyang mga hamon na tanong ay nagpaisip sa lahat sa kanilang mga palagay.

credible
credible
[pang-uri]

able to be believed or relied on

mapagkakatiwalaan, kapani-paniwala

mapagkakatiwalaan, kapani-paniwala

Ex: After all the evidence was presented, her alibi seemed more credible than before. 

Matapos ang lahat ng ebidensya ay ipinakita, ang kanyang alibi ay tila mas kapani-paniwala kaysa dati.

debatable
debatable
[pang-uri]

subject to argument or disagreement

mapagtalunan, maipapagtalo

mapagtalunan, maipapagtalo

Ex: His actions in the situation are debatable, as some believe he made the right call while others disagree. 

Ang kanyang mga aksyon sa sitwasyon ay napagdedebatihan, dahil naniniwala ang ilan na tama ang kanyang desisyon habang ang iba ay hindi sumasang-ayon.

pronounced
pronounced
[pang-uri]

immediately noticed due to being apparent

halata, kapansin-pansin

halata, kapansin-pansin

Ex: The patient's symptoms became more pronounced after the medication was discontinued. 

Ang mga sintomas ng pasyente ay naging mas halata pagkatapos itigil ang gamot.

then again
then again
[Parirala]

used to add a statement that contradicts what one has just said

Ex: I thought the movie was too long.  Then again, the visuals were stunning. 
arguably
arguably
[pang-abay]

used to convey that a statement can be supported with reasons or evidence

maaaring,  posibleng

maaaring, posibleng

Ex: He is arguably the best player in the league, consistently delivering outstanding performances. 

Siya ay maaaring ang pinakamahusay na manlalaro sa liga, palaging nagbibigay ng pambihirang pagganap.

favorably
favorably
[pang-abay]

in a positive, approving, or useful manner

nang kanais-nais, sa positibong paraan

nang kanais-nais, sa positibong paraan

Ex: The new policy was received favorably by employees, as it addressed concerns raised in previous feedback. 

Ang bagong patakaran ay tinanggap nang mabuti ng mga empleyado, dahil tinugunan nito ang mga alalahanin na itinaas sa nakaraang feedback.

as a matter of fact

used to introduce a statement that presents a truth or reality, often to clarify or emphasize something

Ex: You can argue all you want, but the matter of the fact is, the rules were clearly broken. 
at the same time

used to introduce a second fact that must be taken into account

Ex: She defended her thesis at the same time as managing a lab. 
for that matter
for that matter
[pang-abay]

used to convey that what one is saying about something is also true for another related thing

palibhasa, saka na rin

palibhasa, saka na rin

Ex: Anna refrained from using social media platforms, or any online forums, for that matter. 

Umiiwas si Anna sa paggamit ng mga platform ng social media, o anumang online forum, palibhasa.

(as|so) far as {sth} [is] concerned

used to refer to the specific matter or topic being discussed or considered

Ex: As far as the weather's concerned, I'd stay indoors today, if I were you. 
to fight out
to fight out
[Pandiwa]

to fight until a result is achieved or an agreement is reached

labanan hanggang sa wakas, resolbahin sa pamamagitan ng labanan

labanan hanggang sa wakas, resolbahin sa pamamagitan ng labanan

Ex: The two nations decided to fight out their differences through diplomatic negotiations. 

Nagpasya ang dalawang bansa na lutasin ang kanilang mga pagkakaiba sa pamamagitan ng diplomasyang negosasyon.

clash
clash
[Pangngalan]

a serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs

banggaan,  away

banggaan, away

Ex: The clash between the two political parties escalated into a heated debate over healthcare reform. 

Ang tunggalian sa pagitan ng dalawang partidong pampulitika ay umeskalado sa isang mainitang debate tungkol sa reporma sa kalusugan.

confrontation
confrontation
[Pangngalan]

a situation of hostility or strong disagreement between two opposing individuals, parties, or groups

pagsalubong,  pagtutunggali

pagsalubong, pagtutunggali

Ex: The heated confrontation between the neighbors stemmed from a dispute over property boundaries. 

Ang mainit na pagkikipagtunggali sa pagitan ng mga kapitbahay ay nagmula sa isang hidwaan tungkol sa mga hangganan ng ari-arian.

consistency
consistency
[Pangngalan]

the quality of always acting or being the same way, or having the same opinions or standards

pagkakapareho,  pagkakasunod-sunod

pagkakapareho, pagkakasunod-sunod

Ex: Successful athletes attribute their achievements to discipline and consistency in training. 

Itinuturo ng matagumpay na mga atleta ang kanilang mga tagumpay sa disiplina at pagkakapare-pareho sa pagsasanay.

conviction
conviction
[Pangngalan]

a belief or opinion that is very strong

paniniwala, matibay na paniniwala

paniniwala, matibay na paniniwala

Ex: Despite criticism, she held onto her conviction that renewable energy is the key to a sustainable future. 

Sa kabila ng mga puna, nanatili siya sa kanyang paniniwala na ang renewable energy ang susi sa isang sustainable na hinaharap.

critique
critique
[Pangngalan]

a detailed judgment of something, such as a work of art, a political idea, etc.

puna

puna

Ex: The art professor provided a thorough critique of the student's painting, praising its composition while suggesting improvements to the color scheme. 

Ang propesor ng sining ay nagbigay ng isang masusing pagsusuri sa pagpipinta ng mag-aaral, pinuri ang komposisyon nito habang nagmumungkahi ng mga pagpapabuti sa scheme ng kulay.

don't-know
don't-know
[Pangngalan]

someone who does not provide a definite answer for a question, particularly when being asked in a poll

hindi alam, hindi tiyak

hindi alam, hindi tiyak

Ex: During the market research, the interviewees were divided into three groups: those in favor, those against, and the don't-knows who remained undecided on the new technology. 

Sa panahon ng pananaliksik sa merkado, ang mga kinapanayam ay nahati sa tatlong grupo: ang mga pabor, ang mga laban, at ang mga hindi alam na nanatiling hindi nagpapasya sa bagong teknolohiya.

cliche
cliche
[Pangngalan]

a remark or opinion that has been used so much that it is not effective anymore

cliche, gasgas na pananalita

cliche, gasgas na pananalita

Ex: His speech was filled with clichés about love and happiness, failing to resonate with the audience. 

Ang kanyang talumpati ay puno ng clichés tungkol sa pag-ibig at kaligayahan, ngunit hindi ito nakakuha ng atensyon ng madla.

double-edged
double-edged
[pang-uri]

(of a comment) implying two distinct meanings

dalawang kahulugan, malabo

dalawang kahulugan, malabo

Ex: Her double-edged remark about his promotion could be interpreted as both congratulatory and subtly critical. 

Ang kanyang doble-kahulugan na puna tungkol sa kanyang promosyon ay maaaring bigyang-kahulugan bilang parehong pagbati at banayad na puna.

to that effect
to that effect
[Parirala]

used when one is providing the general meaning of written or spoken statement instead of the exact words

Ex: She made a suggestion to hire more staff, or words to that effect, to improve efficiency. 
okey-dokey
okey-dokey
[Pantawag]

used to show agreement, approval, etc.

sige, okey

sige, okey

Ex: "Okey-dokey," she replied cheerfully when asked if she was ready to start the meeting. 

Okey-dokey, masayang sagot niya nang tanungin kung handa na siyang simulan ang pulong.

awesomesauce
awesomesauce
[pang-uri]

used to describe something as really great, satisfying, or interesting

napakaganda, kawili-wili

napakaganda, kawili-wili

Ex: After watching the movie, she exclaimed, "That film was awesomesauce!" 

Pagkatapos panoorin ang pelikula, sabi niya, "Ang ganda talaga ng pelikulang yan!"

for crying out loud

used to show that one is angry, annoyed, or astonished

naku naman, ano ba naman

naku naman, ano ba naman

Ex: For crying out loud, close the door before the cat gets out. 

Naku naman, isara mo ang pinto bago makalabas ang pusa.

sob story
sob story
[Pangngalan]

a story told in order to gain the sympathy of other people, particularly one that seems to be fake

kuwentong nakakaiyak, istoryang pakonswelo

kuwentong nakakaiyak, istoryang pakonswelo

Ex: She tried to win the competition with a sob story about her hardships, but the judges saw through it. 

Sinubukan niyang manalo sa paligsahan sa pamamagitan ng isang malungkot na kwento tungkol sa kanyang mga paghihirap, ngunit nakita ito ng mga hurado.

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