Le livre Total English - Avancé - Unité 8 - Référence

the use of living organisms, or their parts or products, in industrial, agricultural, medical, or other technological applications to produce or modify useful products or processes

biotechnologie, biotechnique

the act of banning or deleting information that could be valuable to the enemy

censure, interdiction

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

pauvreté

a system of government based on the vote of the public who choose their representatives periodically by free election

démocratie

the process by which economies, cultures, and societies across the world have become more interconnected and integrated

mondialisation, globalisation

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

réchauffement de la planète

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

immigration

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

vol d'identité

the act of traveling through unfamiliar areas in order to gain knowledge or discover new information

exploration, exploration scientifique

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

multiculturalisme

the state of being without a job

chômage

the reduction or exhaustion of a resource, supply, or quantity, resulting in a decrease or loss

épuisement, diminution

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

couche d'ozone

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

clonage, duplication

the right to express any opinions or ideas without censorship, restraint, or fear of retaliation from the government or other authorities

liberté d'expression, liberté de parole

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

société

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

pollution

to give something or someone more credit than is deserved

surestimer

to consider someone or something as less important, valuable, or skillful than they actually are

sous-estimer

very harmful or bad

désastreux

having the potential to cause death

mortel

an advantage or a helpful effect that is the result of a situation

bénéfice

absolutely necessary or crucial, to the point that being replaced or substituted is not possible

indispensable

extremely valuable and essential, to the point that the true worth of something is immeasurable

inestimable

to forcefully split or remove something from their place or position, often through pulling or ripping

arracher, défaire

in a way that involves danger yet is full of excitement and adventure

a phone call that is made at a particular time to wake someone up, at their request, for example in a hotel

réveil par téléphone

the ultimate or most important thing

non-stop and continuing through the whole day and night

24 heures sur 24, en continu

to feel very tired from working too much over a period of time

s'épuiser, s'overworker

a highly favorable or advantageous chance or situation that holds great potential for success or achievement

opportunité en or, occasion en or

a strong urge to travel or leave somewhere

pieds démangeants, envie de voyager

serious and of great importance or significance

important, importante

having significant effects, implications, or consequences that extend over a wide area or range

de grande envergure, aux implications étendues

the primary cause of something

source, origine

to be the reason for a specific incident or result

entraîner, provoquer

to create a particular situation or event

to cause something to occur

avoir pour résultat

to originate from a particular source or factor

venir de, provenir de

used to specify or emphasize a particular aspect or detail within a broader context

en particulier, particulièrement

used to introduce additional information

de plus, en outre

used to introduce an opposing statement

pourtant

used to add extra or supplementary information

en plus de

used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

d'autre part, en revanche

to suggest without explicitly stating

impliquer

to highlight something and make it easier to notice by drawing attention toward it

souligner

to reach an opinion or decision based on available evidence and one's understanding of the matter

déduire

to emphasize a particular point or aspect

insister sur, souligner

to cause or give rise to something

créer, générer, susciter

to form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation

évaluer

to thoughtfully prepare or create something, paying close attention to its details

formuler, élaborer

used to introduce the most important part of what is being said

particulièrement, spécialement, surtout

to briefly state the most important parts or facts of something

résumer

organized according to the order that the events occurred in

chronologique

arranged according to the order of the letters in the alphabet

alphabétique, en ordre alphabétique