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كتاب Total English - متقدم - الوحدة 8-المرجع

ستجد هنا المفردات من الوحدة 8 - المرجع في كتاب الدورة التدريبية Total English Advanced، مثل "الجذر"، و"الصياغة"، و"الاستكشاف"، وما إلى ذلك.

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Total English - Advanced

the use of living organisms, or their parts or products, in industrial, agricultural, medical, or other technological applications to produce or modify useful products or processes

التكنولوجيا الحيوية, البيوتكنولوجيا

التكنولوجيا الحيوية, البيوتكنولوجيا

censorship
[اسم]

the act of banning or deleting information that could be valuable to the enemy

الرقابة, المانع

الرقابة, المانع

Ex: Censorship of the media during wartime is common to prevent the enemy from gaining strategic information .
poverty
[اسم]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

فقر, عَوَز

فقر, عَوَز

Ex: The charity focuses on providing food and shelter to those poverty.
democracy
[اسم]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

ديمقراطية, نظام ديمقراطي

ديمقراطية, نظام ديمقراطي

Ex: In democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

العولمة, التحولات العالمية

العولمة, التحولات العالمية

Ex: The cultural influence of Hollywood is a major example globalization in the entertainment industry .

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

الاحتباس الحراري, ارتفاع درجة حرارة الأرض

الاحتباس الحراري, ارتفاع درجة حرارة الأرض

Ex: Global warming threatens ecosystems and wildlife .
immigration
[اسم]

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

الهجرة, القدوم إلى بلد آخر

الهجرة, القدوم إلى بلد آخر

Ex: After decades immigration, the neighborhood has become a vibrant , multicultural community .

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

سرقة الهوية, اختلاس الهوية

سرقة الهوية, اختلاس الهوية

Ex: He discovered identity theft when he received bills for purchases he never made .
exploration
[اسم]

the act of traveling through unfamiliar areas in order to gain knowledge or discover new information

استكشاف, بحث

استكشاف, بحث

Ex: exploration of deep space has fascinated scientists for decades .

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

التعددية الثقافية, المولتيكولتورالية

التعددية الثقافية, المولتيكولتورالية

Ex: Multiculturalism is an ongoing process that requires active engagement and dialogue among individuals and communities to build a more inclusive and harmonious society .
unemployment
[اسم]

the state of being without a job

البطالة, فقدان العمل

البطالة, فقدان العمل

Ex: Many people faced unemployment during the global financial crisis .
depletion
[اسم]

the reduction or exhaustion of a resource, supply, or quantity, resulting in a decrease or loss

نضوب, استنزاف

نضوب, استنزاف

ozone layer
[اسم]

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

طبقة الأوزون, غلاف الأوزون

طبقة الأوزون, غلاف الأوزون

Ex: International agreements like the Montreal Protocol aim to protect ozone layer by phasing out ozone-depleting substances .
cloning
[اسم]

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

استنساخ, تكرار جيني

استنساخ, تكرار جيني

Ex: Dolly the sheep was the first mammal created cloning.

the right to express any opinions or ideas without censorship, restraint, or fear of retaliation from the government or other authorities

حرية التعبير, حرية الكلام

حرية التعبير, حرية الكلام

corporation
[اسم]

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

شركة, مؤسسة

شركة, مؤسسة

Ex: The new environmental regulations will affect how corporation conducts its business .
pollution
[اسم]

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

تلوث, تدهور بيئي

تلوث, تدهور بيئي

Ex: pollution caused by plastic waste is a growing environmental crisis .
to overrate
[فعل]

to give something or someone more credit than is deserved

يُبالغ في تقدير, يُعطي قيمة أكبر مما تستحق

يُبالغ في تقدير, يُعطي قيمة أكبر مما تستحق

Ex: Technology companies overrate the demand for new features .
to underrate
[فعل]

to consider someone or something as less important, valuable, or skillful than they actually are

يقلل من قيمة, يستخف ب

يقلل من قيمة, يستخف ب

Ex: The book was underrated but later became a classic .
disastrous
[صفة]

very harmful or bad

مدمر, كارثي

مدمر, كارثي

Ex: The oil spill disastrous effects on marine life and coastal ecosystems .
deadly
[صفة]

having the potential to cause death

مميت, قاتل

مميت, قاتل

Ex: She survived deadly fall from a great height .
benefit
[اسم]

an advantage or a helpful effect that is the result of a situation

فائدة, ميزة

فائدة, ميزة

Ex: The study highlighted the benefits of using renewable energy sources .

essential and impossible to do without

Ex: Proper safety gear indispensable when working with hazardous materials .
invaluable
[صفة]

holding such great value or importance that it cannot be measured or replaced

لا يُقدَّر بثمن, ذو قيمة لا تٌقارن

لا يُقدَّر بثمن, ذو قيمة لا تٌقارن

Ex: invaluable expertise saved the company from a major crisis .
to tear out
[فعل]

to forcefully split or remove something from their place or position, often through pulling or ripping

تمزق, يشيل بالقوة

تمزق, يشيل بالقوة

Ex: She tore the old wallpaper out to create a fresh look in the room.
in the fast lane
[عبارة]

in a way that involves danger yet is full of excitement and adventure

Ex: n the fast lane
wake-up call
[اسم]

a phone call that is made at a particular time to wake someone up, at their request, for example in a hotel

إشعار الاستيقاظ, مكالمة استيقاظ

إشعار الاستيقاظ, مكالمة استيقاظ

Ex: They asked for wake-up call to be well-prepared for their morning excursion .
be-all and end-all
[عبارة]

the ultimate or most important thing

Ex: She considered her family to be be-all and end-all of her life .

non-stop and continuing through the whole day and night

على مدار الساعة, طوال 24 ساعة

على مدار الساعة, طوال 24 ساعة

Ex: The emergency response team around the clock during the natural disaster .
to burn out
[فعل]

to feel very tired from working too much over a period of time

أُرهِقَت, انْهَكَتَ

أُرهِقَت, انْهَكَتَ

Ex: She realized that the non-stop pace of her lifestyle was burning her out.

a highly favorable or advantageous chance or situation that holds great potential for success or achievement

فرصة ذهبية, فرصة سانحة

فرصة ذهبية, فرصة سانحة

Ex: They seized golden opportunity to expand their business into new markets .
itchy feet
[اسم]

a strong urge to travel or leave somewhere

شغف السفر, الرغبة في المغادرة

شغف السفر, الرغبة في المغادرة

Ex: Even though she had a comfortable home , itchy feet drove her to go on a backpacking adventure across Europe .
major
[صفة]

serious and of great importance

Ex: major decision to expand operations overseas was met with cautious optimism .
far-reaching
[صفة]

having significant effects, implications, or consequences that extend over a wide area or range

بعيد المدى, واسع التأثير

بعيد المدى, واسع التأثير

Ex: far-reaching reach of the charity 's programs helps improve the lives of people in need across the globe .
root
[اسم]

the primary cause of something

جذر, أساس

جذر, أساس

Ex: The company conducted a thorough analysis to determine root of the financial problems affecting their performance .

to be the reason for a specific incident or result

أدى إلى, سبب في

أدى إلى, سبب في

Ex: The new brought about positive changes in the community .
to give rise to
[عبارة]

to create a particular situation or event

Ex: The new gave rise to public protests .
to result in
[فعل]

to cause something to occur

أدى إلى, تسبب في

أدى إلى, تسبب في

Ex: Proper maintenance result in longer-lasting equipment .
to stem from
[فعل]

to originate from a particular source or factor

يعود إلى, ينشأ من

يعود إلى, ينشأ من

Ex: The stems from unresolved emotional trauma and stress .

used to specify or emphasize a particular aspect or detail within a broader context

بشكل خاص, على وجه الخصوص

بشكل خاص, على وجه الخصوص

Ex: The museum has a diverse collection , but the exhibit on ancient in particular is fascinating .
furthermore
[ظرف]

used to introduce additional information

علاوة على ذلك, بالإضافة إلى ذلك

علاوة على ذلك, بالإضافة إلى ذلك

Ex: Jack 's leadership inspires success and adaptabilityfurthermore, his vision drives the project forward .
nevertheless
[ظرف]

used to introduce an opposing statement

ومع ذلك, على الرغم من ذلك

ومع ذلك, على الرغم من ذلك

Ex: The path was forbidden ; they walked nevertheless.
in addition to
[حرف جر]

used to add extra or supplementary information

بالإضافة إلى, فضلاً عن

بالإضافة إلى, فضلاً عن

Ex: In addition to their regular duties , the team was asked to prepare a presentation for the board meeting .

used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

من ناحية أخرى, وعلى الجانب الآخر

من ناحية أخرى, وعلى الجانب الآخر

Ex: The plan could save money.
to imply
[فعل]

to suggest without explicitly stating

يُشير, يوحي

يُشير, يوحي

Ex: The advertisement 's implied that using their product would lead to success .
to emphasize
[فعل]

to highlight something and make it easier to notice by drawing attention toward it

أبرز, ركز على

أبرز, ركز على

Ex: The chef arranged the garnish emphasize the dish ’s vibrant colors and textures .
to infer
[فعل]

to reach an opinion or decision based on available evidence and one's understanding of the matter

استنتج, استخلص

استنتج, استخلص

Ex: infers the answer to the question by examining the available information .
to stress
[فعل]

to emphasize a particular point or aspect

أبرز, شدد على

أبرز, شدد على

Ex: The stressed the significance of teamwork for the success of the sports team .
to generate
[فعل]

to cause or give rise to something

يولّد, يُنتج

يولّد, يُنتج

Ex: The marketing generates leads through various online channels .
to assess
[فعل]

to form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation

يقيّم, يُقدّر

يقيّم, يُقدّر

Ex: The assessed the players ' skills during tryouts for the team .
to formulate
[فعل]

to thoughtfully prepare or create something, paying close attention to its details

وضع خطة, صاغ

وضع خطة, صاغ

Ex: The policy analyst was tasked formulating recommendations based on thorough research .
notably
[ظرف]

used to introduce the most important part of what is being said

بشكل ملحوظ, لا سيما

بشكل ملحوظ, لا سيما

Ex: The museum houses a collection of rare artifactsnotably an ancient manuscript dating back to the 10th century .
to sum up
[فعل]

to briefly state the most important parts or facts of something

خَلَصَ, لَخَّصَ

خَلَصَ, لَخَّصَ

Ex: He summed up the novel's plot in a few sentences for those who hadn't read it.

organized according to the order that the events occurred in

ترتيبي زمني, زمني

ترتيبي زمني, زمني

Ex: The museum exhibit showcased artifacts chronological order , illustrating the development of civilization .
alphabetical
[صفة]

arranged according to the order of the letters in the alphabet

ترتيب هجائي, ترتيب أبجدي

ترتيب هجائي, ترتيب أبجدي

Ex: For the spelling bee , the words were presented alphabetical order .
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