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Total English - Advanced - Unit 8 - Reference

Here you will find the vocabulary from Unit 8 - Reference in the Total English Advanced coursebook, such as "root", "formulate", "exploration", etc.

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Total English - Advanced
biotechnology

the use of living organisms, or their parts or products, in industrial, agricultural, medical, or other technological applications to produce or modify useful products or processes

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censorship

the act of banning or deleting information that could be valuable to the enemy

Ex: The government imposed strict censorship on news reports to control the narrative during the crisis. 
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poverty
poverty
[noun]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

Ex: Many families in the area live in poverty and struggle to access basic services. 
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democracy
democracy
[noun]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

Ex: In a democracy, all citizens have the right to express their opinions freely and participate in decision-making processes. 
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globalization

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

Ex: Globalization has led to an increase in international trade and economic cooperation. 
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global warming

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

Ex: Scientists link global warming to rising sea levels. 
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immigration

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

Ex: The country has seen a rise in immigration due to its strong job market and high quality of life. 
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identity theft

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

Ex: She became a victim of identity theft when someone used her Social Security number to open a bank account. 
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exploration

the act of traveling through unfamiliar areas in order to gain knowledge or discover new information

Ex: The scientists set out on an exploration of the remote rainforest to study its unique ecosystem. 
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multiculturalism

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

Ex: Multiculturalism celebrates the richness of cultural diversity and recognizes the contributions of different ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups to society. 
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unemployment

the state of being without a job

Ex: She struggled with unemployment after being laid off from her job at the factory. 
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depletion
depletion
[noun]

the reduction or exhaustion of a resource, supply, or quantity, resulting in a decrease or loss

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ozone layer

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

Ex: The ozone layer is a region of the Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the sun's ultraviolet radiation. 
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cloning
cloning
[noun]

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

Ex: This experiment successfully demonstrated the cloning of plant cells. 
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freedom of speech

the right to express any opinions or ideas without censorship, restraint, or fear of retaliation from the government or other authorities

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corporation

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

Ex: The corporation expanded its operations into international markets last year. 
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pollution
pollution
[noun]

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

Ex: The pollution in the lake has made the water toxic to fish and plants. 
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to overrate

to give something or someone more credit than is deserved

Ex: Many people overrate luxury brands, assuming higher prices mean better quality. 
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to underrate

to consider someone or something as less important, valuable, or skillful than they actually are

Ex: Many people underrate the importance of sleep for overall health. 
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disastrous
disastrous
[Adjective]

very harmful or bad

Ex: The storm's disastrous impact left thousands of homes without power. 
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deadly
deadly
[Adjective]

able to cause death

Ex: The explosion had deadly consequences. 
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benefit
benefit
[noun]

an advantage or a helpful effect that is the result of a situation

Ex: One of the main benefits of exercise is improved mental health. 
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indispensable
indispensable
[Adjective]

essential and impossible to do without

Ex: Oxygen is indispensable for human life. 
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invaluable
invaluable
[Adjective]

holding such great value or importance that it cannot be measured or replaced

Ex: Her advice was invaluable in helping me make the right decision. 
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to tear out

to forcefully split or remove something from their place or position, often through pulling or ripping

Ex: The gardener had to tear out the invasive weeds from the flower bed. 
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in the fast lane

in a way that involves danger yet is full of excitement and adventure

Ex: Ever since he started traveling the world as a freelance photographer, he's been living life in the fast lane, capturing breathtaking but risky shots. 
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wake-up call

a phone call that is made at a particular time to wake someone up, at their request, for example in a hotel

Ex: She requested a wake-up call at 6 AM to ensure she wouldn't miss her early flight. 
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be-all and end-all

the ultimate or most important thing

Ex: For a successful business, customer service is often the be-all and end-all in building long-term relationships with clients. 
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around the clock
around the clock
[Adjective]

non-stop and continuing through the whole day and night

Ex: The nurses worked around the clock during the emergency. 
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to burn out

to feel very tired from working too much over a period of time

Ex: She burned herself out by taking on too many projects at once. 
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golden opportunity

a highly favorable or advantageous chance or situation that holds great potential for success or achievement

Ex: He didn't want to miss the golden opportunity to work with the renowned scientist. 
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itchy feet

a strong urge to travel or leave somewhere

Ex: Ever since he was a child, he had itchy feet and dreamt of exploring distant lands. 
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major
major
[Adjective]

serious and of great importance

Ex: The major issue facing the city is the lack of affordable housing. 
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far-reaching
far-reaching
[Adjective]

having significant effects, implications, or consequences that extend over a wide area or range

Ex: The far-reaching consequences of the decision affected not only the company but also its employees and customers. 
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root
root
[noun]

the primary cause of something

Ex: Understanding the root of the problem is essential for finding an effective solution to the conflict. 
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to bring about

to be the reason for a specific incident or result

Ex: The negotiations brought about a resolution to the conflict. 
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to [give] rise to

to create a particular situation or event

Ex: Social media platforms can give rise to both positive and negative trends. 
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to result in

to cause something to occur

Ex: His reckless driving resulted in a serious accident. 
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to stem from

to originate from a particular source or factor

Ex: The economic downturn stems from global market fluctuations. 
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in particular

used to specify or emphasize a particular aspect or detail within a broader context

Ex: The study found several benefits of the new technology, in particular, its impact on productivity and cost savings. 
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furthermore
furthermore
[Adverb]

used to introduce additional information

Ex: The research findings supported the hypothesis, and furthermore, they provided valuable insights into potential applications. 
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nevertheless
nevertheless
[Adverb]

used to introduce an opposing statement

Ex: The plan was risky; they proceeded nevertheless. 
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in addition to
in addition to
[preposition]

used to add extra or supplementary information

Ex: In addition to his degree in engineering, he also has a diploma in music. 
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on the other (hand|)

used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

Ex: The job pays well; on the other hand, the hours are extremely long. 
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to imply
to imply
[Verb]

to suggest without explicitly stating

Ex: The politician's statement seemed to imply that there was more to the story than what was being revealed. 
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to emphasize

to highlight something and make it easier to notice by drawing attention toward it

Ex: The bold belt emphasized the waistline of the dress, creating an hourglass silhouette. 
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to infer
to infer
[Verb]

to reach an opinion or decision based on available evidence and one's understanding of the matter

Ex: After observing the pattern of behavior, the detective could infer that the suspect was familiar with the victim. 
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to stress
to stress
[Verb]

to emphasize a particular point or aspect

Ex: The teacher stressed the need for thorough preparation before the exam. 
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to generate

to cause or give rise to something

Ex: The artist's provocative work generated controversy and debate, challenging societal norms and perceptions. 
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to assess
to assess
[Verb]

to form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation

Ex: The manager assesses employees' performance during quarterly reviews. 
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to formulate

to thoughtfully prepare or create something, paying close attention to its details

Ex: The scientist spent months formulating a precise hypothesis for the experiment. 
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notably
notably
[Adverb]

used to introduce the most important part of what is being said

Ex: The city is known for its rich history, notably its ancient architecture. 
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to sum up
to sum up
[Verb]

to briefly state the most important parts or facts of something

Ex: To save time, the presenter decided to sum the discussion up quickly. 
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chronological
chronological
[Adjective]

organized according to the order that the events occurred in

Ex: The historical events were presented in chronological order. 
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alphabetical
alphabetical
[Adjective]

arranged according to the order of the letters in the alphabet

Ex: The names were listed in alphabetical order for easy reference. 
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