کتاب 'توتال اینگلیش' پیشرفته - واحد 8 - مرجع

the use of living organisms, or their parts or products, in industrial, agricultural, medical, or other technological applications to produce or modify useful products or processes

بیوتکنولوژی, فنآوری زیستی

the act of banning or deleting information that could be valuable to the enemy

سانسور اطلاعات

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

فقر, تهی‌دستی

a system of government based on the vote of the public who choose their representatives periodically by free election

دموکراسی, مردم‌سالاری، حکومت مردمی

the process by which economies, cultures, and societies across the world have become more interconnected and integrated

جهانی‌سازی

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

گرمایش جهانی

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

مهاجرت

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

سرقت هویت

the act of traveling through unfamiliar areas in order to gain knowledge or discover new information

کاوش

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

چندگانگی فرهنگی, چندفرهنگی‌گرایی

the state of being without a job

بیکاری, عدم اشتغال

the reduction or exhaustion of a resource, supply, or quantity, resulting in a decrease or loss

تخلیه, مصرف

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

لایه اوزون

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

تاگ‌سازی, شبیه‌سازی، همسان‌سازی

the right to express any opinions or ideas without censorship, restraint, or fear of retaliation from the government or other authorities

آزادی بیان

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

شرکت‌سهامی

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

آلودگی

to give something or someone more credit than is deserved

به چیزی بیش از حد بها دادن, بیش از ارزش واقعی ارزیابی کردن

to consider someone or something as less important, valuable, or skillful than they actually are

دست کم گرفتن, ناچیز شمردن

very harmful or bad

فاجعه بار, مصیبت‌بار

having the potential to cause death

کشنده, مهلک

an advantage or a helpful effect that is the result of a situation

سود, مزیت، نفع

absolutely necessary or crucial, to the point that being replaced or substituted is not possible

ضروری

extremely valuable and essential, to the point that the true worth of something is immeasurable

ارزشمند, گران‌بها

to forcefully split or remove something from their place or position, often through pulling or ripping

کندن, پاره کردن، بیرون آوردن

in a way that involves danger yet is full of excitement and adventure

پر‌هیجان و مخاطره‌آمیز

a phone call that is made at a particular time to wake someone up, at their request, for example in a hotel

تماس بیدارباش

the ultimate or most important thing

مهم‌ترین, اصلی‌ترین

non-stop and continuing through the whole day and night

بی‌وقفه, به‌کوب

to feel very tired from working too much over a period of time

(در اثر کار زیاد و غیره) از پا در آمدن

a highly favorable or advantageous chance or situation that holds great potential for success or achievement

فرصت استثنایی, فرصت طلایی

a strong urge to travel or leave somewhere

اشتیاق زیاد به سفر, حال و هوای سفر

serious and of great importance or significance

مهمترین, حیاتی

having significant effects, implications, or consequences that extend over a wide area or range

فراگیر, گسترده

the primary cause of something

منشأ, عامل

to be the reason for a specific incident or result

باعث چیزی شدن

to create a particular situation or event

منجر شدن, انجامیدن

to cause something to occur

موجب شدن, باعث شدن

to originate from a particular source or factor

نشات گرفتن, حاصل از چیزی بودن

used to specify or emphasize a particular aspect or detail within a broader context

به‌خصوص, مخصوصا

used to introduce additional information

علاوه بر این

used to introduce an opposing statement

با این وجود, با این حال

used to add extra or supplementary information

علاوه بر این

used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

از طرف دیگر, از دیدگاه دیگری

to suggest without explicitly stating

به‌طور ضمنی دلالت کردن, به معنای چیزی بودن

to highlight something and make it easier to notice by drawing attention toward it

برجسته کردن

to reach an opinion or decision based on available evidence and one's understanding of the matter

استنباط کردن, نتیجه‌گیری کردن

to emphasize a particular point or aspect

تأکید کردن

to cause or give rise to something

به وجود آوردن, ایجاد کردن، تولید کردن، حاصل کردن، پدید آوردن

to form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation

ارزیابی کردن

to thoughtfully prepare or create something, paying close attention to its details

در فکر پروردن

used to introduce the most important part of what is being said

به‌ویژه, مخصوصاً

to briefly state the most important parts or facts of something

خلاصه کردن, جمع‌بندی کردن

organized according to the order that the events occurred in

به‌ترتیب زمان وقوع, به‌ترتیب تاریخی

arranged according to the order of the letters in the alphabet

بر طبق حروف الفبا, الفبایی