کتاب 'توتال اینگلیش' پیشرفته - واحد 8 - مرجع

the use of living organisms, or their parts or products, in industrial, agricultural, medical, or other technological applications to produce or modify useful products or processes

the act of banning or deleting information that could be valuable to the enemy

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

the fact or process of coming to another country to permanently live there

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

the activity of traveling through or investigating an unfamiliar place in order to learn about it or make discoveries

the belief that cultural diversity within a society should be respected

the state of being without a job

the reduction or exhaustion of a resource, supply, or quantity, resulting in a decrease or loss

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

the right to express any opinions or ideas without censorship, restraint, or fear of retaliation from the government or other authorities

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

to give something or someone more credit than is deserved

to consider someone or something as less important, valuable, or skillful than they actually are

very harmful or bad

able to cause death

an advantage or a helpful effect that is the result of a situation

essential and impossible to do without

holding such great value or importance that it cannot be measured or replaced

to forcefully split or remove something from their place or position, often through pulling or ripping

in a way that involves danger yet is full of excitement and adventure

a phone call that is made at a particular time to wake someone up, at their request, for example in a hotel

the ultimate or most important thing

non-stop and continuing through the whole day and night

to feel very tired from working too much over a period of time

a highly favorable or advantageous chance or situation that holds great potential for success or achievement

a strong urge to travel or leave somewhere

serious and of great importance

having significant effects, implications, or consequences that extend over a wide area or range

the primary cause of something

to be the reason for a specific incident or result

to create a particular situation or event

to cause something to occur

to originate from a particular source or factor

used to specify or emphasize a particular aspect or detail within a broader context

used to introduce additional information

used to introduce an opposing statement

used to add extra or supplementary information

used to introduce a contrasting aspect of a situation, especially when comparing it to a previous point

to suggest without explicitly stating

to highlight something and make it easier to notice by drawing attention toward it

to reach an opinion or decision based on available evidence and one's understanding of the matter

to emphasize a particular point or aspect

to cause or give rise to something

to form a judgment on the quality, worth, nature, ability or importance of something, someone, or a situation

to carefully develop or devise a plan, idea, theory, or method

used to introduce the most important part of what is being said

to briefly state the most important parts or facts of something

organized according to the order that the events occurred in

arranged according to the order of the letters in the alphabet