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Kosakata Penting untuk GRE - Secara ilmiah

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata bahasa Inggris tentang sains, seperti "antigen", "klon", "limfa", dll. yang dibutuhkan untuk ujian GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
zoology
[Kata benda]

a branch of science that deals with animals

zoologi, ilmu hewan

zoologi, ilmu hewan

Ex: Zoology is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with ecology , genetics , and evolutionary biology .**Zoologi** adalah bidang multidisiplin yang berpotongan dengan ekologi, genetika, dan biologi evolusioner.
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botany
[Kata benda]

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

botani

botani

Ex: The university offers a degree in botany with specializations in various plant sciences .Universitas menawarkan gelar dalam **botani** dengan spesialisasi dalam berbagai ilmu tanaman.
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synthesis
[Kata benda]

the act of producing a substance that exists in living beings

sintesis

sintesis

Ex: The synthesis of DNA during cell replication ensures that genetic information is accurately passed on to new cells .**Sintesis** DNA selama replikasi sel memastikan bahwa informasi genetik diteruskan secara akurat ke sel-sel baru.
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antigen
[Kata benda]

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

antigen, zat antigenik

antigen, zat antigenik

Ex: A positive test result indicates that the antigen is present in the sample .Hasil tes positif menunjukkan bahwa **antigen** hadir dalam sampel.
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cortisol
[Kata benda]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

kortisol, hormon steroid yang diproduksi tubuh dan digunakan dalam pengobatan untuk membantu menyembuhkan penyakit kulit

kortisol, hormon steroid yang diproduksi tubuh dan digunakan dalam pengobatan untuk membantu menyembuhkan penyakit kulit

Ex: The medication contains cortisol to reduce inflammation and swelling .Obat ini mengandung **kortisol** untuk mengurangi peradangan dan pembengkakan.
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clone
[Kata benda]

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

klon, pengklonan

klon, pengklonan

Ex: By using a clone of the immune cells , the researchers aimed to develop a more effective treatment for the disease .Dengan menggunakan **klon** dari sel-sel kekebalan, para peneliti bertujuan untuk mengembangkan pengobatan yang lebih efektif untuk penyakit tersebut.
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dominant
[Adjektiva]

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominan, unggul

dominan, unggul

Ex: The dominant gene responsible for dimples appears in many family members.Gen **dominan** yang bertanggung jawab untuk lesung pipit muncul pada banyak anggota keluarga.
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fetus
[Kata benda]

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

janin, embrio

janin, embrio

Ex: Genetic testing was conducted to check for any abnormalities in the fetus.Tes genetik dilakukan untuk memeriksa adanya kelainan pada **janin**.
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gene pool
[Kata benda]

all of the genes that are available within breeding populations of a particular species of animal or plant

kolam gen, kumpulan gen

kolam gen, kumpulan gen

Ex: The introduction of new individuals can enrich the gene pool of the population .Pengenalan individu baru dapat memperkaya **kolam gen** populasi.
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genome
[Kata benda]

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genom

genom

Ex: Advances in genome editing technologies , like CRISPR , allow scientists to precisely modify the genetic material of organisms for research and therapeutic purposes .Kemajuan dalam teknologi penyuntingan **genom**, seperti CRISPR, memungkinkan para ilmuwan untuk memodifikasi material genetik organisme dengan presisi untuk tujuan penelitian dan terapeutik.
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incubation
[Kata benda]

the controlled maintenance of a specific temperature; fostering optimal conditions for the development of organisms, processes, or materials

inkubasi

inkubasi

Ex: The incubation period for the virus was carefully monitored in the study.Masa **inkubasi** virus dipantau dengan cermat dalam penelitian.
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lymph
[Kata benda]

a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading

limfa, cairan limfatik

limfa, cairan limfatik

Ex: The colorless lymph helps to transport immune cells to areas needing defense .**Limfa** yang tidak berwarna membantu mengangkut sel-sel kekebalan ke area yang membutuhkan pertahanan.
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membrane
[Kata benda]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

membran, selaput

membran, selaput

Ex: The blood-brain barrier is a specialized membrane that protects the brain .Penghalang darah-otak adalah **membran** khusus yang melindungi otak.
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to mutate
[kata kerja]

to experience genetic changes

bermutasi, mengalami perubahan genetik

bermutasi, mengalami perubahan genetik

Ex: The influenza virus tends to mutate regularly , making it a challenge to predict and prevent .Virus influenza cenderung **bermutasi** secara teratur, menjadikannya tantangan untuk diprediksi dan dicegah.
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neurotransmitter
[Kata benda]

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter

Ex: Neurotransmitters transmit signals from one neuron to another across synapses .**Neurotransmitter** mengirimkan sinyal dari satu neuron ke neuron lain melintasi sinapsis.
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symbiosis
[Kata benda]

a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both

simbiosis, asosiasi simbiotik

simbiosis, asosiasi simbiotik

Ex: The coral reefs showcase a remarkable example of symbiosis, where corals and algae live together , with corals providing shelter and nutrients while algae provide food through photosynthesis .Terumbu karang menunjukkan contoh yang luar biasa dari **simbiosis**, di mana karang dan alga hidup bersama, dengan karang menyediakan tempat berlindung dan nutrisi sementara alga menyediakan makanan melalui fotosintesis.
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specimen
[Kata benda]

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

spesimen, contoh

spesimen, contoh

Ex: The specimen showed distinct characteristics that were crucial for the study .**Spesimen** menunjukkan karakteristik yang berbeda yang sangat penting untuk penelitian.
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to secrete
[kata kerja]

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

mengeluarkan, menghasilkan

mengeluarkan, menghasilkan

Ex: Sweat glands secrete perspiration, helping to regulate body temperature.Kelenjar keringat **mengeluarkan** keringat, membantu mengatur suhu tubuh.
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propagation
[Kata benda]

the process of natural multiplication; representing the expansion of a population over time

penyebaran, perkembangbiakan

penyebaran, perkembangbiakan

Ex: The propagation of the virus was tracked through the population over several months .**Penyebaran** virus dilacak melalui populasi selama beberapa bulan.
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pigmentation
[Kata benda]

the natural coloring of tissues, surfaces, or structures; contributing to the characteristic hues or tones observed in animals, plants, or human beings

pigmentasi, pewarnaan

pigmentasi, pewarnaan

Ex: Pigmentation in the coral reef plays a role in attracting fish and other marine life .**Pigmentasi** di terumbu karang berperan dalam menarik ikan dan kehidupan laut lainnya.
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physiology
[Kata benda]

the field of science that studies the function or interactions among organisms

fisiologi

fisiologi

Ex: Advances in physiology can lead to new medical treatments and therapies .Kemajuan dalam **fisiologi** dapat mengarah pada perawatan dan terapi medis baru.
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to ovulate
[kata kerja]

(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary

berovulasi

berovulasi

Ex: The female dog ovulates twice a year during her heat cycle .Anjing betina **berovulasi** dua kali setahun selama siklus birahinya.
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nucleus
[Kata benda]

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

nukleus, inti sel

nukleus, inti sel

Ex: Mutations in genes within the nucleus can lead to genetic disorders and diseases , affecting the normal function of cells and tissues .Mutasi pada gen di dalam **nukleus** dapat menyebabkan gangguan genetik dan penyakit, mempengaruhi fungsi normal sel dan jaringan.
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metabolism
[Kata benda]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolisme, proses metabolik

metabolisme, proses metabolik

Ex: Metabolism slows down with age, leading to changes in energy levels and body composition.**Metabolisme** melambat seiring bertambahnya usia, menyebabkan perubahan dalam tingkat energi dan komposisi tubuh.
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carbon dating
[Kata benda]

a method used for measuring how old an organic material is by calculating the amount of carbon they contain

penanggalan karbon, penanggalan karbon 14

penanggalan karbon, penanggalan karbon 14

Ex: The team applied carbon dating to the wooden structure to verify its period of construction .Tim menerapkan **penanggalan karbon** pada struktur kayu untuk memverifikasi periode pembangunannya.
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cybernetics
[Kata benda]

the study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation

sibernetika, studi tentang sistem kontrol dan komunikasi

sibernetika, studi tentang sistem kontrol dan komunikasi

Ex: Cybernetic principles are employed in artificial intelligence systems to enhance learning and problem-solving capabilities.Prinsip **sibernetika** digunakan dalam sistem kecerdasan buatan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan belajar dan pemecahan masalah.
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pathology
[Kata benda]

a branch of medical science primarily focusing on the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury

patologi

patologi

Ex: The pathologist specializes in forensic pathology, examining evidence from crime scenes to determine the cause of death.**Ahli patologi** berspesialisasi dalam patologi forensik, memeriksa bukti dari TKP untuk menentukan penyebab kematian.
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vivisection
[Kata benda]

the scientific and experimental operations performed on live animals

viviseksi

viviseksi

Ex: Vivisection was conducted to study the effects of the new drug on living organisms .**Viviseksi** dilakukan untuk mempelajari efek obat baru pada organisme hidup.
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aerodynamics
[Kata benda]

the study of the behavior of air as it interacts with solid objects, particularly the flow of air around and through objects, and the effects of this interaction on the objects

aerodinamika, studi aerodinamika

aerodinamika, studi aerodinamika

Ex: The shaping of golf balls considers aerodynamics to optimize their trajectory and distance during a golf swing .Pembentukan bola golf mempertimbangkan **aerodinamika** untuk mengoptimalkan lintasan dan jarak mereka selama ayunan golf.
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volatile
[Adjektiva]

having a tendency to change rapidly and unpredictably, often characterized by fluctuations or instability

mudah berubah, tidak stabil

mudah berubah, tidak stabil

Ex: The experiment showed that the substance had a volatile behavior under heat .Percobaan menunjukkan bahwa zat tersebut memiliki perilaku **mudah menguap** di bawah panas.
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vacuum
[Kata benda]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

vakum, ruang hampa

vakum, ruang hampa

Ex: The vacuum of space is characterized by extremely low pressure and the absence of atmosphere .**Vakum** ruang angkasa ditandai dengan tekanan yang sangat rendah dan tidak adanya atmosfer.
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thermal
[Adjektiva]

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

termal, panas

termal, panas

Ex: Thermal imaging cameras detect infrared radiation emitted by objects to visualize temperature variations .Kamera **termal** mendeteksi radiasi inframerah yang dipancarkan oleh objek untuk memvisualisasikan variasi suhu.
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refraction
[Kata benda]

the bending of the wave's path as it passes from one medium to another; caused by a change in its speed or direction

refraksi, pembelokan gelombang

refraksi, pembelokan gelombang

Ex: The physicist measured the angle of refraction to study material properties.Fisikawan mengukur sudut **pembiasan** untuk mempelajari sifat material.
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particle
[Kata benda]

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

partikel

partikel

Ex: Scientists study the movement and interactions of particles to understand the fundamental forces of nature .Para ilmuwan mempelajari pergerakan dan interaksi **partikel** untuk memahami kekuatan fundamental alam.
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to oscillate
[kata kerja]

to move back and forth repeatedly between two points or positions

berosilasi, berayun

berosilasi, berayun

Ex: The stock market is currently oscillating between gains and losses .Pasar saham saat ini sedang **berosilasi** antara keuntungan dan kerugian.
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nuclear fission
[Kata benda]

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

fisi nuklir, pembelahan inti

fisi nuklir, pembelahan inti

Ex: Nuclear fission is also used in nuclear medicine for diagnostic imaging and cancer treatment through techniques such as radiotherapy .**Fisi nuklir** juga digunakan dalam kedokteran nuklir untuk pencitraan diagnostik dan pengobatan kanker melalui teknik seperti radioterapi.
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nuclear fusion
[Kata benda]

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

fusi nuklir

fusi nuklir

Ex: The most promising approach to achieving nuclear fusion on Earth involves heating hydrogen isotopes to extremely high temperatures and confining them in a magnetic field in devices called tokamaks .Pendekatan yang paling menjanjikan untuk mencapai **fusi nuklir** di Bumi melibatkan pemanasan isotop hidrogen ke suhu yang sangat tinggi dan mengurungnya dalam medan magnet di perangkat yang disebut tokamak.
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momentum
[Kata benda]

the strength of a moving object determined by multiplying how heavy it is by how fast it is going

momentum,  jumlah gerak

momentum, jumlah gerak

Ex: A heavier object has more momentum if it 's moving at the same speed as a lighter one .Objek yang lebih berat memiliki **momentum** lebih besar jika bergerak dengan kecepatan yang sama dengan yang lebih ringan.
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isotope
[Kata benda]

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

isotop, bentuk isotop

isotop, bentuk isotop

Ex: Isotopes play a crucial role in understanding nuclear reactions , radiometric dating , and various applications in science and technology .**Isotop** memainkan peran penting dalam memahami reaksi nuklir, penanggalan radiometrik, dan berbagai aplikasi dalam sains dan teknologi.
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kinetic
[Adjektiva]

relating to the energy associated with motion or movement, emphasizing the dynamic state of objects in action

kinetik, dinamis

kinetik, dinamis

Ex: Kinetic theory describes the behavior of gases as collections of particles in constant, random motion.Teori **kinetik** menggambarkan perilaku gas sebagai kumpulan partikel dalam gerakan konstan dan acak.
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