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Vocabulario Esencial para el GRE - Hablando Científicamente

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre ciencia, como "antigen", "clone", "lymph", etc. que se necesitan para el examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
zoology
zoology
[Sustantivo]

a branch of science that deals with animals

zoología

zoología

Ex: He spent his summers interning at a zoo to gain hands-on experience in zoology. 

Pasó sus veranos haciendo prácticas en un zoológico para adquirir experiencia práctica en zoología.

botany
botany
[Sustantivo]

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

botánico

botánico

Ex: Botany helps us understand how plants contribute to environmental health. 

La botánica nos ayuda a entender cómo las plantas contribuyen a la salud ambiental.

synthesis
synthesis
[Sustantivo]

the act of producing a substance that exists in living beings

síntesis

síntesis

Ex: The synthesis of insulin in the pancreas helps regulate blood sugar levels in the body. 

La síntesis de insulina en el páncreas ayuda a regular los niveles de azúcar en la sangre en el cuerpo.

antigen
antigen
[Sustantivo]

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

antígeno

antígeno

Ex: Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to a harmless antigen. 

Las alergias ocurren cuando el sistema inmunitario reacciona de forma exagerada a un antígeno inofensivo.

cortisol
cortisol
[Sustantivo]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

cortisol

cortisol

Ex: Cortisol helps regulate metabolism and immune response in the body. 

El cortisol ayuda a regular el metabolismo y la respuesta inmune en el cuerpo.

clone
clone
[Sustantivo]

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

clon

clon

Ex: Researchers created a clone of the original stem cell to study its potential for regenerating damaged tissues. 

Los investigadores crearon un clon de la célula madre original para estudiar su potencial para regenerar tejidos dañados.

dominant
dominant
[Adjetivo]

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominante

dominante

Ex: In this family, the dominant gene for curly hair is passed down to the children. 

En esta familia, el gen dominante para el pelo rizado se transmite a los hijos.

fetus
fetus
[Sustantivo]

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

feto

feto

Ex: The mother was excited to see her fetus in the ultrasound image. 

La madre estaba emocionada de ver su feto en la imagen del ultrasonido.

gene pool
gene pool
[Sustantivo]

all of the genes that are available within breeding populations of a particular species of animal or plant

acervo génico, pool génico

acervo génico, pool génico

Ex: A small gene pool can lead to higher risks of genetic disorders. 

Un pool genético pequeño puede conducir a mayores riesgos de trastornos genéticos.

genome
genome
[Sustantivo]

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genoma

genoma

Ex: Researchers are studying the genome of the coronavirus to track its mutations and develop effective vaccines. 

Los investigadores están estudiando el genoma del coronavirus para rastrear sus mutaciones y desarrollar vacunas efectivas.

incubation
incubation
[Sustantivo]

the controlled maintenance of a specific temperature; fostering optimal conditions for the development of organisms, processes, or materials

incubación

incubación

Ex: In the greenhouse, plants benefit from controlled incubation conditions. 

En el invernadero, las plantas se benefician de condiciones de incubación controladas.

lymph
lymph
[Sustantivo]

a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading

linfa

linfa

Ex: Doctors examined the lymph to diagnose potential infections. 

Los médicos examinaron la linfa para diagnosticar posibles infecciones.

membrane
membrane
[Sustantivo]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

membrana

membrana

Ex: The outer membrane of the bacteria helps to safeguard its contents. 

La membrana externa de la bacteria ayuda a salvaguardar su contenido.

to mutate
to mutate
[Verbo]

to experience genetic changes

mutar, mutarse

mutar, mutarse

Ex: Genetic material can spontaneously mutate during replication. 

El material genético puede mutar espontáneamente durante la replicación.

neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter
[Sustantivo]

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmisor

neurotransmisor

Ex: Endorphins act as neurotransmitters that relieve pain and induce pleasure. 

Las endorfinas actúan como neurotransmisores que alivian el dolor e inducen el placer.

symbiosis
symbiosis
[Sustantivo]

a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both

simbiosis

simbiosis

Ex: Clownfish and sea anemones exhibit mutualistic symbiosis, as the clownfish receive protection, and the anemones benefit from food scraps. 

Los peces payaso y las anémonas de mar exhiben una simbiosis mutualista, ya que los peces payaso reciben protección y las anémonas se benefician de los restos de comida.

specimen
specimen
[Sustantivo]

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

espécimen

espécimen

Ex: A blood specimen was taken for testing at the clinic. 

Se tomó una muestra de sangre para realizar pruebas en la clínica.

to secrete
to secrete
[Verbo]

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

secretar

secretar

Ex: Sebaceous glands in the skin secrete oils to moisturize and protect the skin. 

Las glándulas sebáceas de la piel secretan aceites para humectar y proteger la piel.

propagation
propagation
[Sustantivo]

the process of natural multiplication; representing the expansion of a population over time

propagación

propagación

Ex: Understanding the propagation of diseases is crucial for public health. 

Entender la propagación de las enfermedades es crucial para la salud pública.

pigmentation
pigmentation
[Sustantivo]

the natural coloring of tissues, surfaces, or structures; contributing to the characteristic hues or tones observed in animals, plants, or human beings

pigmentación

pigmentación

Ex: The scientist studied the pigmentation patterns in tropical fish. 

El científico estudió los patrones de pigmentación en los peces tropicales.

physiology
physiology
[Sustantivo]

the field of science that studies the function or interactions among organisms

fisiología

fisiología

Ex: Researchers in physiology explore how different organisms adapt to their environments. 

Los investigadores en fisiología exploran cómo diferentes organismos se adaptan a sus entornos.

to ovulate
to ovulate
[Verbo]

(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary

ovular

ovular

Ex: She was tested to determine if she ovulates regularly. 

Se la examinó para determinar si ovula regularmente.

nucleus
nucleus
[Sustantivo]

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

núcleo

núcleo

Ex: Within the nucleus, there is a dense region called the nucleolus, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and assembled into ribosomes. 

Dentro del núcleo, hay una región densa llamada nucléolo, donde el ARN ribosomal (ARNr) se sintetiza y se ensambla en ribosomas.

metabolism
metabolism
[Sustantivo]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolismo

metabolismo

Ex: The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism by producing hormones that control metabolic rate. 

La glándula tiroides juega un papel crucial en la regulación del metabolismo al producir hormonas que controlan la tasa metabólica.

carbon dating
carbon dating
[Sustantivo]

a method used for measuring how old an organic material is by calculating the amount of carbon they contain

datación por carbono 14, datación mediante carbono 14

datación por carbono 14, datación mediante carbono 14

Ex: Through carbon dating, archaeologists were able to confirm the timeline of the early human settlement. 

A través de la datación por carbono, los arqueólogos pudieron confirmar la línea de tiempo del asentamiento humano temprano.

cybernetics
cybernetics
[Sustantivo]

the study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation

cibernética

cibernética

Ex: In robotics, cybernetics plays a crucial role in creating machines capable of adaptive and responsive behavior. 

En robótica, la cibernética juega un papel crucial en la creación de máquinas capaces de comportamientos adaptativos y reactivos.

pathology
pathology
[Sustantivo]

a branch of medical science primarily focusing on the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury

patología

patología

Ex: The pathology report revealed the presence of malignant cells, confirming the diagnosis of cancer. 

El informe de patología reveló la presencia de células malignas, confirmando el diagnóstico de cáncer.

vivisection
vivisection
[Sustantivo]

the scientific and experimental operations performed on live animals

vivisección

vivisección

Ex: Animal rights activists protested against the practice of vivisection. 

Los activistas por los derechos de los animales protestaron contra la práctica de la vivisección.

aerodynamics
aerodynamics
[Sustantivo]

the study of the behavior of air as it interacts with solid objects, particularly the flow of air around and through objects, and the effects of this interaction on the objects

aerodinámica

aerodinámica

Ex: Car manufacturers use aerodynamics to design vehicles that have improved fuel efficiency by minimizing drag and maximizing stability. 

Los fabricantes de automóviles utilizan la aerodinámica para diseñar vehículos que tienen una mayor eficiencia de combustible al minimizar la resistencia y maximizar la estabilidad.

volatile
volatile
[Adjetivo]

having a tendency to change rapidly and unpredictably, often characterized by fluctuations or instability

volátil

volátil

Ex: Scientists studied the behavior of volatile liquids in different environments. 

Los científicos estudiaron el comportamiento de los líquidos volátiles en diferentes entornos.

vacuum
vacuum
[Sustantivo]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

vacío

vacío

Ex: The vacuum inside a cathode-ray tube allows electrons to travel from the cathode to the anode without encountering air molecules, facilitating the display of images. 

El vacío dentro de un tubo de rayos catódicos permite que los electrones viajen desde el cátodo hasta el ánodo sin encontrarse con moléculas de aire, facilitando la visualización de imágenes.

thermal
thermal
[Adjetivo]

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

térmico

térmico

Ex: During the hike, I felt the sun's thermal rays warming my skin. 

Durante la caminata, sentí los rayos térmicos del sol calentando mi piel.

refraction
refraction
[Sustantivo]

the bending of the wave's path as it passes from one medium to another; caused by a change in its speed or direction

refracción

refracción

Ex: The scientist studied the refraction of waves as they entered different materials. 

El científico estudió la refracción de las ondas al entrar en diferentes materiales.

particle
particle
[Sustantivo]

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

partícula

partícula

Ex: The Large Hadron Collider is a powerful accelerator designed to study the behavior of subatomic particles. 

El Gran Colisionador de Hadrones es un acelerador potente diseñado para estudiar el comportamiento de las partículas subatómicas.

to oscillate

to move back and forth repeatedly between two points or positions

oscilar

oscilar

Ex: The scientist observed the needle on the meter oscillate between high and low readings. 

El científico observó que la aguja del medidor oscilaba entre lecturas altas y bajas.

nuclear fission
nuclear fission
[Sustantivo]

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

fisión nuclear

fisión nuclear

Ex: Uranium-235 and plutonium-239 are commonly used as fuel in nuclear fission reactors. 

El uranio-235 y el plutonio-239 se utilizan comúnmente como combustible en los reactores de fisión nuclear.

nuclear fusion
nuclear fusion
[Sustantivo]

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

fusión nuclear

fusión nuclear

Ex: Scientists are researching ways to achieve controlled nuclear fusion on Earth as a potentially limitless and clean source of energy. 

Los científicos están investigando formas de lograr la fusión nuclear controlada en la Tierra como una fuente de energía potencialmente ilimitada y limpia.

momentum
momentum
[Sustantivo]

the strength of a moving object determined by multiplying how heavy it is by how fast it is going

momento

momento

Ex: The cyclist's momentum helped him climb the steep hill. 

El ímpetu del ciclista lo ayudó a subir la colina empinada.

isotope
isotope
[Sustantivo]

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

isótopo

isótopo

Ex: Uranium-235 and uranium-238 are isotopes of uranium, playing crucial roles in nuclear fission reactions. 

El uranio-235 y el uranio-238 son isótopos del uranio, que desempeñan roles cruciales en las reacciones de fisión nuclear.

kinetic
kinetic
[Adjetivo]

relating to the energy associated with motion or movement, emphasizing the dynamic state of objects in action

cinético

cinético

Ex: In chemistry, kinetic studies focus on the rates of chemical reactions and the factors that affect them. 

En química, los estudios cinéticos se centran en las velocidades de las reacciones químicas y los factores que las afectan.

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