Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le GRE - La Science

a branch of science that deals with animals

zoologie

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

botanique

the act of producing a substance that exists in living beings

synthèse

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

antigène

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

cortisol

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

clone

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominant

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

fœtus

all of the genes that are available within breeding populations of a particular species of animal or plant

réservoir génétique, pool génétique

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

génome

the controlled maintenance of a specific temperature; fostering optimal conditions for the development of organisms, processes, or materials

incubation

a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading

lymphe

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

membrane

to experience genetic changes

subir une mutation

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmetteur

a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both

symbiose

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

spécimen, exemplaire, échantillon

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

sécréter

the process of natural multiplication; representing the expansion of a population over time

propagation, multiplication

the natural coloring of tissues, surfaces, or structures; contributing to the characteristic hues or tones observed in animals, plants, or human beings

pigmentation

the field of science that studies the function or interactions among organisms

physiologie

(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary

ovuler

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

noyau

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

métabolisme

a method used for measuring how old an organic material is by calculating the amount of carbon they contain

datation au carbone 14

the study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation

cybernétique

a branch of medical science primarily focusing on the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury

pathologie

the scientific and experimental operations performed on live animals

vivisection

the study of the behavior of air as it interacts with solid objects, particularly the flow of air around and through objects, and the effects of this interaction on the objects

aérodynamique

having a tendency to change rapidly and unpredictably, often characterized by fluctuations or instability

volatile, changeant

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

vide

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

thermique

the bending of the wave's path as it passes from one medium to another; caused by a change in its speed or direction

réfraction

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

particule

to move back and forth repeatedly between two points or positions

osciller

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

fission nucléaire

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

fusion nucléaire

the strength of a moving object determined by multiplying how heavy it is by how fast it is going

élan

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

isotope

relating to the energy associated with motion or movement, emphasizing the dynamic state of objects in action

cinétique