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GRE のための基本語彙 - 科学的に言えば

ここでは、GRE試験に必要な「抗原」「クローン」「リンパ」などの科学に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
zoology

a branch of science that deals with animals

動物学

動物学

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[名詞]
botany

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

植物学

植物学

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[名詞]
synthesis

the act of producing a substance that exists in living beings

合成

合成

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[名詞]
antigen

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

抗原

抗原

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[名詞]
cortisol

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

コルチゾール

コルチゾール

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[名詞]
clone

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

クローン

クローン

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[名詞]
dominant

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

優性の

優性の

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[形容詞]
fetus

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

胎児

胎児

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[名詞]
gene pool

all of the genes that are available within breeding populations of a particular species of animal or plant

遺伝子プール

遺伝子プール

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[名詞]
genome

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

ゲノム

ゲノム

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[名詞]
incubation

the controlled maintenance of a specific temperature; fostering optimal conditions for the development of organisms, processes, or materials

インキュベーション

インキュベーション

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[名詞]
lymph

a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading

リンパ

リンパ

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[名詞]
membrane

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

膜

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[名詞]
to mutate

to experience genetic changes

突然変異する

突然変異する

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[動詞]
neurotransmitter

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

神経伝達物質

神経伝達物質

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[名詞]
symbiosis

a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both

共生

共生

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[名詞]
specimen

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

標本

標本

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[名詞]
to secrete

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

分泌する

分泌する

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[動詞]
propagation

the process of natural multiplication; representing the expansion of a population over time

繁殖

繁殖

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[名詞]
pigmentation

the natural coloring of tissues, surfaces, or structures; contributing to the characteristic hues or tones observed in animals, plants, or human beings

色素沈着

色素沈着

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[名詞]
physiology

the field of science that studies the function or interactions among organisms

生理学

生理学

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[名詞]
to ovulate

(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary

排卵する

排卵する

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[動詞]
nucleus

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

核

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[名詞]
metabolism

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

代謝

代謝

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[名詞]
carbon dating

a method used for measuring how old an organic material is by calculating the amount of carbon they contain

炭素年代測定

炭素年代測定

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[名詞]
cybernetics

the study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation

サイバネティクス

サイバネティクス

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[名詞]
pathology

a branch of medical science primarily focusing on the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury

病理学

病理学

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[名詞]
vivisection

the scientific and experimental operations performed on live animals

生体解剖

生体解剖

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[名詞]
aerodynamics

the study of the behavior of air as it interacts with solid objects, particularly the flow of air around and through objects, and the effects of this interaction on the objects

空気力学

空気力学

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[名詞]
volatile

having a tendency to change rapidly and unpredictably, often characterized by fluctuations or instability

揮発性の

揮発性の

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[形容詞]
vacuum

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

真空

真空

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[名詞]
thermal

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

熱の

熱の

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[形容詞]
refraction

the bending of the wave's path as it passes from one medium to another; caused by a change in its speed or direction

屈折

屈折

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[名詞]
particle

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

粒子

粒子

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[名詞]
to oscillate

to move back and forth repeatedly between two points or positions

振動する

振動する

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[動詞]
nuclear fission

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

核分裂

核分裂

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[名詞]
nuclear fusion

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

核融合

核融合

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[名詞]
momentum

the strength of a moving object determined by multiplying how heavy it is by how fast it is going

モーメンタム

モーメンタム

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[名詞]
isotope

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

同位体

同位体

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[名詞]
kinetic

relating to the energy associated with motion or movement, emphasizing the dynamic state of objects in action

運動に関する

運動に関する

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[形容詞]
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