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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa GRE - Scientifically Speaking

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa agham, tulad ng "antigen", "clone", "lymph", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na GRE.

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Flashcards

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Pagsusulit

Simulan ang pag-aaral
Essential Words Needed for the GRE
zoology
zoology
[Pangngalan]

a branch of science that deals with animals

soolohiya, agham ng mga hayop

soolohiya, agham ng mga hayop

Ex: She decided to major in zoology because of her fascination with animal behavior. 

Nagpasya siyang mag-major sa zoology dahil sa kanyang pagkahumaling sa pag-uugali ng hayop.

botany
botany
[Pangngalan]

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

botanika

botanika

Ex: She majored in botany to learn about plant genetics and classification. 

Nagmajor siya sa botany upang matuto tungkol sa genetika at pag-uuri ng mga halaman.

synthesis
synthesis
[Pangngalan]

the production of a substance through chemical or biological reactions

synthesis,  pagbubuo

synthesis, pagbubuo

Ex: The drug requires several stages of chemical synthesis. 
antigen
antigen
[Pangngalan]

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

antigen, sustansyang antigenik

antigen, sustansyang antigenik

Ex: The vaccine introduces a harmless antigen to stimulate immunity. 

Ang bakuna ay nagpapakilala ng isang hindi nakakapinsalang antigen upang pasiglahin ang kaligtasan sa sakit.

cortisol
cortisol
[Pangngalan]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

cortisol, isang steroid hormone na ginagawa ng katawan at ginagamit sa medisina para tulungan na gamutin ang mga sakit sa balat

cortisol, isang steroid hormone na ginagawa ng katawan at ginagamit sa medisina para tulungan na gamutin ang mga sakit sa balat

Ex: High levels of cortisol can increase stress and anxiety. 

Ang mataas na antas ng cortisol ay maaaring magpalala ng stress at anxiety.

clone
clone
[Pangngalan]

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

klon, pagkaklon

klon, pagkaklon

Ex: The scientists observed the behavior of the bacterial clone to understand how it would respond to different antibiotics. 

Sinuri ng mga siyentipiko ang pag-uugali ng clone ng bakterya upang maunawaan kung paano ito tutugon sa iba't ibang antibiotics.

dominant
dominant
[pang-uri]

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

nangingibabaw, dominante

nangingibabaw, dominante

Ex: The dominant gene responsible for dimples appears in many family members. 
fetus
fetus
[Pangngalan]

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

pangsanggol, embryo

pangsanggol, embryo

Ex: The ultrasound showed that the fetus was developing normally. 

Ipinakita ng ultrasound na ang fetus ay normal na lumalaki.

gene pool
gene pool
[Pangngalan]

all of the genes that are available within breeding populations of a particular species of animal or plant

gene pool, pool ng gene

gene pool, pool ng gene

Ex: A diverse gene pool helps ensure the health and adaptability of a species. 

Ang isang magkakaibang gene pool ay tumutulong na matiyak ang kalusugan at kakayahang umangkop ng isang species.

genome
genome
[Pangngalan]

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

henoma

henoma

Ex: The human genome consists of approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA, encoding all the information needed for human development and function. 

Ang genome ng tao ay binubuo ng humigit-kumulang 3 bilyong base pairs ng DNA, na nag-e-encode ng lahat ng impormasyong kailangan para sa pag-unlad at paggana ng tao.

incubation
incubation
[Pangngalan]

the controlled maintenance of a specific temperature; fostering optimal conditions for the development of organisms, processes, or materials

pagpapainit

pagpapainit

Ex: The scientist adjusted the incubation temperature for the bacterial cultures. 

Inayos ng siyentipiko ang temperatura ng pagsisilang para sa mga kulturang bacterial.

lymph
lymph
[Pangngalan]

a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading

lymph, likidong lymph

lymph, likidong lymph

Ex: Swelling can occur when lymph is not properly drained. 

Ang pamamaga ay maaaring mangyari kapag ang lymph ay hindi maayos na naalis.

membrane
membrane
[Pangngalan]

a thin layer of living tissue that covers, lines, connects, or separates parts of an organism

membrana,  lamad

membrana, lamad

Ex: The surgeon carefully lifted the membrane covering the organ. 
to mutate
to mutate
[Pandiwa]

to experience genetic changes

magbago ang lahi, dumanas ng mga pagbabago sa genetiko

magbago ang lahi, dumanas ng mga pagbabago sa genetiko

Ex: Over time, certain organisms may mutate to adapt to environmental pressures. 

Sa paglipas ng panahon, ang ilang mga organismo ay maaaring magbago upang umangkop sa mga pressure ng kapaligiran.

neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter
[Pangngalan]

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter

Ex: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation. 

Ang neurotransmitter na dopamine ay kasangkot sa regulasyon ng mood.

symbiosis
symbiosis
[Pangngalan]

a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both

simbiyosis, ugnayang simbiyotiko

simbiyosis, ugnayang simbiyotiko

Ex: The relationship between cleaner fish and larger fish, where the cleaner fish remove parasites, represents a mutualistic symbiosis. 

Ang relasyon sa pagitan ng mga isdang tagalinis at mas malalaking isda, kung saan ang mga isdang tagalinis ay nag-aalis ng mga parasito, ay kumakatawan sa isang mutualistic na symbiosis.

specimen
specimen
[Pangngalan]

an individual example or sample of something, especially one examined or studied as representative of its type

espesimen,  halimbawa

espesimen, halimbawa

Ex: The museum has several rare butterfly specimens. 
to secrete
to secrete
[Pandiwa]

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

maglabas, gumawa

maglabas, gumawa

Ex: Salivary glands secrete enzymes that aid in the digestion of food. 

Ang mga glandulang panglaway ay naglalabas ng mga enzyme na tumutulong sa pagtunaw ng pagkain.

propagation
propagation
[Pangngalan]

the process of natural multiplication; representing the expansion of a population over time

pagpapalaganap, pagpaparami

pagpapalaganap, pagpaparami

Ex: Scientists studied the propagation of bacteria in different conditions. 

Pinag-aralan ng mga siyentipiko ang pagkalat ng bakterya sa iba't ibang kondisyon.

pigmentation
pigmentation
[Pangngalan]

the natural coloring of tissues, surfaces, or structures; contributing to the characteristic hues or tones observed in animals, plants, or human beings

pagkakaroon ng kulay, pigmentasyon

pagkakaroon ng kulay, pigmentasyon

Ex: Pigmentation varies greatly among different species of plants. 

Ang pigmentasyon ay lubhang nag-iiba sa iba't ibang uri ng halaman.

physiology
physiology
[Pangngalan]

the field of science that studies the function or interactions among organisms

pisyolohiya

pisyolohiya

Ex: She is studying physiology to understand how the body's systems work together. 

Nag-aaral siya ng pisyolohiya upang maunawaan kung paano nagtutulungan ang mga sistema ng katawan.

to ovulate
to ovulate
[Pandiwa]

(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary

mag-ovulate

mag-ovulate

Ex: To understand her cycle, she tracked when she ovulates. 

Upang maunawaan ang kanyang siklo, sinubaybayan niya kung kailan siya nag-oovulate.

nucleus
nucleus
[Pangngalan]

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

nukleo, nucleus

nukleo, nucleus

Ex: The nucleus of a cell contains genetic material in the form of DNA, which regulates cellular activities. 
metabolism
metabolism
[Pangngalan]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolismo, prosesong metaboliko

metabolismo, prosesong metaboliko

Ex: Metabolism involves various biochemical reactions that convert nutrients from food into energy. 
carbon dating
carbon dating
[Pangngalan]

a method used for measuring how old an organic material is by calculating the amount of carbon they contain

petsa ng carbon, petsa ng carbon 14

petsa ng carbon, petsa ng carbon 14

Ex: Carbon dating revealed that the ancient artifact was over 5,000 years old. 

Ipinakita ng carbon dating na ang sinaunang artifact ay higit sa 5,000 taong gulang.

cybernetics
cybernetics
[Pangngalan]

the study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation

cybernetics, ang pag-aaral ng mga sistema ng kontrol at komunikasyon

cybernetics, ang pag-aaral ng mga sistema ng kontrol at komunikasyon

Ex: Cybernetics examines how the human brain processes information and controls various bodily functions. 

Sinusuri ng cybernetics kung paano pinoproseso ng utak ng tao ang impormasyon at kinokontrol ang iba't ibang mga function ng katawan.

pathology
pathology
[Pangngalan]

a branch of medical science primarily focusing on the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury

patolohiya

patolohiya

Ex: The hospital offers specialized services in pathology, including the analysis of tissue samples for diagnostic purposes. 

Ang ospital ay nag-aalok ng mga espesyalisadong serbisyo sa pathology, kabilang ang pagsusuri ng mga sample ng tissue para sa mga layunin ng diagnostic.

vivisection
vivisection
[Pangngalan]

the scientific and experimental operations performed on live animals

viviseksiyon

viviseksiyon

Ex: The ethics committee debated the use of vivisection in the laboratory. 

Pinagtalunan ng komite sa etika ang paggamit ng vivisection sa laboratoryo.

aerodynamics
aerodynamics
[Pangngalan]

the study of the behavior of air as it interacts with solid objects, particularly the flow of air around and through objects, and the effects of this interaction on the objects

aerodynamics, pag-aaral ng aerodynamics

aerodynamics, pag-aaral ng aerodynamics

Ex: Aerodynamics is essential in designing efficient aircraft wings, optimizing their shape for lift and minimizing drag during flight. 

Ang aerodynamics ay mahalaga sa pagdidisenyo ng mahusay na mga pakpak ng eroplano, pinapainam ang kanilang hugis para sa pag-angat at pinapaliit ang drag habang lumilipad.

volatile
volatile
[pang-uri]

having a tendency to change rapidly and unpredictably, often characterized by fluctuations or instability

pabagu-bago, hindi matatag

pabagu-bago, hindi matatag

Ex: The weather in the region can be highly volatile throughout the year. 

Ang panahon sa rehiyon ay maaaring maging lubhang pabagu-bago sa buong taon.

vacuum
vacuum
[Pangngalan]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

bakyum, walang laman na espasyo

bakyum, walang laman na espasyo

Ex: In physics, a vacuum is defined as a space devoid of any matter particles, including atoms and molecules. 

Sa pisika, ang vacuum ay tinukoy bilang isang espasyong walang anumang mga particle ng matter, kasama ang mga atom at molecule.

thermal
thermal
[pang-uri]

(physics) relating to or produced by heat

thermal

thermal

Ex: The thermal energy from the sun warms the surface of the earth. 
refraction
refraction
[Pangngalan]

the bending of the wave's path as it passes from one medium to another; caused by a change in its speed or direction

repraksyon, pagkiling ng alon

repraksyon, pagkiling ng alon

Ex: The refraction of light through the water created a rainbow effect. 

Ang repraksyon ng liwanag sa tubig ay lumikha ng isang epektong bahaghari.

particle
particle
[Pangngalan]

an extremely small unit of matter or radiation treated as a discrete entity in physics

partikulo

partikulo

Ex: Scientists detected a particle moving through the chamber. 
to oscillate
to oscillate
[Pandiwa]

to move back and forth repeatedly between two points or positions

umugoy, uminday-inday

umugoy, uminday-inday

Ex: The pendulum swung back and forth, oscillating steadily over time. 

Ang pendulum ay umugoy pabalik-balik, nag-o-oscillate nang steady sa paglipas ng panahon.

nuclear fission
nuclear fission
[Pangngalan]

the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

paghahati ng nucleus, nukleyar na paghahati

paghahati ng nucleus, nukleyar na paghahati

Ex: Nuclear fission is a process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy. 

Ang nuclear fission ay isang proseso kung saan ang nucleus ng isang atom ay nahahati sa dalawa o higit pang mas maliliit na nuclei, na naglalabas ng malaking halaga ng enerhiya.

nuclear fusion
nuclear fusion
[Pangngalan]

(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

nuclear fusion

nuclear fusion

Ex: Nuclear fusion is the process in which two atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy in the process. 

Ang nuclear fusion ay ang proseso kung saan ang dalawang atomic nuclei ay nagsasama upang bumuo ng isang mas mabigat na nucleus, na naglalabas ng malaking halaga ng enerhiya sa proseso.

momentum
momentum
[Pangngalan]

the strength of a moving object determined by multiplying how heavy it is by how fast it is going

momentum,  dami ng galaw

momentum, dami ng galaw

Ex: The car's momentum increased as it accelerated down the highway. 

Tumaas ang momentum ng kotse habang ito ay bumibilis sa highway.

isotope
isotope
[Pangngalan]

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

isotope, anyo ng isotope

isotope, anyo ng isotope

Ex: Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon, with the former having 6 neutrons and the latter having 8 neutrons. 

Ang carbon-12 at carbon-14 ay mga isotope ng carbon, na ang una ay may 6 neutrons at ang huli ay may 8 neutrons.

kinetic
kinetic
[pang-uri]

relating to the energy associated with motion or movement, emphasizing the dynamic state of objects in action

kinetiko, dinamiko

kinetiko, dinamiko

Ex: Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. 

Ang kinetic na enerhiya ay ang enerhiya na taglay ng isang bagay dahil sa kanyang paggalaw.

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