Linguistica - Sociolinguistics
Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi legate alla sociolinguistica come "accento", "dialetto sociale" e "gergo".
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the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar
dialetto
a manner of speaking that indicates social class, nationality, or locality of the speaker
accento
the everyday language spoken by a particular group of people in a specific region or community
lingua vernacolare
a regulated and accepted form of a language that is widely used in formal settings, education, government, and media
lingua standard
(linguistics) a variety of language that is used in a particular social context, based on the communicative purpose and social status of the user
registrare
words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others
gergo
the unique language variety or style of an individual speaker
idiolecto
the phenomenon in which multiple forms or variants of a linguistic element, such as a phoneme, morpheme, or word, can be used interchangeably without affecting the meaning or grammaticality of a sentence
variazione libera
a variety of a language that is spoken in a specific geographical region
dialetto regionale
a variation of a language associated with a specific social group or class, characterized by distinct linguistic features influenced by social factors
dialetto sociale
the first language or mother tongue that a person acquires naturally from birth or early childhood and is typically the language they are most proficient in
lingua madre
the social value and perceived status associated with a particular language, dialect, or speech variety
prestigio
a prestigious and historically influential accent and pronunciation variant of Standard British English, commonly associated with educated speakers in the United Kingdom
Pronuncia ricevuta
a group of people who share a common language or variety of a language and interact with one another using that language or variety
comunità linguistica
the ability of speakers of different but related languages or dialects to understand each other to a certain degree due to similarities in their linguistic structures and vocabulary
intelligibilità reciproca
a geographic boundary that marks the linguistic feature or variation in pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammar between different dialects or language varieties
isoglossa
a sociolinguistic situation where two distinct varieties or registers of a language are used in different social contexts or for different purposes, typically one being a high-prestige, formal variety and the other a low-prestige, informal variety
diglossia
the process of reducing linguistic differences between dialects, resulting in a more standardized variety of a language
livellamento dei dialetti
a group of closely related dialects that share significant linguistic similarities, often found in a specific geographical or cultural region
gruppo di dialetti
a language or a simplified communication system that is used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages
lingua franca
a set of interconnected or related language varieties, including dialects, registers, and other linguistic variants, that are used by a particular speech community or within a specific linguistic context
diasistema
a range of dialects that are mutually intelligible to some degree, where each adjacent dialect shares similarities and gradually transitions into the next one
continuum dialettale
a simplified language made up of two or more languages used as a means of communication among people who do not share a common language but need to talk, for example for trading
pidgin
the process in which a simplified form of language, known as a pidgin, emerges as a means of communication between groups of people who do not share a common language
pidginizzazione
a constructed language designed to serve as a communication tool within a specific geographic region or zone
lingua ausiliaria zonale
a language that has been evolved from a mixture of a European and a local language, spoken as a mother tongue
creole
the process through which a new language, known as a creole, emerges as a result of contact between different languages, typically in situations of colonization, slavery, or migration
creolizzazione
the process whereby a creole language undergoes changes that make it more similar to its lexifier language or other dominant languages in the surrounding linguistic environment
decreolizzazione
the spectrum of language varieties that emerge and evolve in a community following the formation of a creole language, ranging from more creole-like forms to more standard-like forms
continuum post-creolo
a constructed language that aims to resemble and function like a natural language, typically developed with the goal of facilitating international communication and cultural exchange
lingua pianificata naturalistica
the movement or desire for a particular linguistic group to secede or break away from a larger language or linguistic community to establish their own independent language or dialect
secessione linguistica
the phenomenon of switching between two or more languages or language varieties within a conversation or discourse, often influenced by social, cultural, or linguistic factors
code-switching
a distinct form or type of a language, such as a regional variety, social variety, or stylistic variety, which may differ in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and usage
varietà
the main language that makes it difficult to learn or understand a simplified language that developed from a mix of different languages
lessicatore
the phenomenon of changing one's language or speech style based on different social contexts, audiences, or situations, often involving the use of different registers, dialects, or levels of formality
cambio di stile
the social value or status attached to non-standard or stigmatized forms of language, often within specific subcultures or communities, despite their lack of recognition or validation in broader society
prestigio coperto
a language that is native to a particular region or territory and has been traditionally spoken by the indigenous or native population of that area
lingua indigena
words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.
gergo
words, expressions, or topics that are considered socially or culturally inappropriate or offensive and are typically avoided or restricted in polite conversation
linguaggio tabù
the English language as used in the United Kingdom
inglese britannico
the variety of English language used primarily in the United States, characterized by its distinct pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar conventions
inglese americano
a variety of English spoken predominantly by African Americans in the United States
Ebonics
an individual who is proficient in and able to switch between two distinct dialects or varieties of a language, typically based on regional or social factors
bidialectale
a linguistic phenomenon where speakers or writers overcompensate for a perceived error or nonstandard usage by using a form that is actually incorrect or nonstandard
ipercorrezione
a linguistic feature that distinguishes between formal and informal forms of address in language, often indicating social status or hierarchy
distinzione T-V
a word, phrase, or grammatical construction that is borrowed from the English language into another language
anglicismo
a word, phrase, pronunciation, or cultural trait that is specific to or associated with British English or British culture
britanismo
speech in which every declarative clause, sentence, etc. ends with a rising intonation, as if a question
uptalk
the linguistic system that emerges during second language acquisition, characterized by a combination of the learner's native language and the target language, incorporating both correct and incorrect features as the learner progresses towards proficiency
interlingua
the intentional actions taken to shape or control how a language is used in a community or society
pianificazione linguistica
the process of evaluating an individual's language proficiency or abilities through various tests, examinations, or evaluations
valutazione linguistica
a word or phrase with a predetermined meaning that is used instead of the usual name or word for something
parola in codice
the advocacy or belief in preserving or purifying a language by purging it of foreign or non-standard elements, often aiming for linguistic preservation and cultural identity
purismo linguistico
a distinct layer or level within a language system, such as different dialects, sociolects, or registers, that are associated with specific social groups, regions, or levels of formality
strato
the linguistic influence of a less prestigious language on a dominant language in contact, resulting in the adoption or transfer of phonological, morphological, syntactic, or lexical features
substrato