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the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar
方言
a manner of speaking that indicates social class, nationality, or locality of the speaker
口音, 腔调
the everyday language spoken by a particular group of people in a specific region or community
方言, 地方语言
a regulated and accepted form of a language that is widely used in formal settings, education, government, and media
规范语言, 标准语
(linguistics) a variety of language that is used in a particular social context, based on the communicative purpose and social status of the user
注册, 语言注册
words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others
行话, 术语
the phenomenon in which multiple forms or variants of a linguistic element, such as a phoneme, morpheme, or word, can be used interchangeably without affecting the meaning or grammaticality of a sentence
自由变体, 自由变异
a variety of a language that is spoken in a specific geographical region
区域方言, 地方方言
a variation of a language associated with a specific social group or class, characterized by distinct linguistic features influenced by social factors
社会方言, 社会语言变体
the first language or mother tongue that a person acquires naturally from birth or early childhood and is typically the language they are most proficient in
母语, 本族语
the social value and perceived status associated with a particular language, dialect, or speech variety
威望, 社会地位
a prestigious and historically influential accent and pronunciation variant of Standard British English, commonly associated with educated speakers in the United Kingdom
收到的发音, 标准发音
a group of people who share a common language or variety of a language and interact with one another using that language or variety
语言社区, 言语共同体
the ability of speakers of different but related languages or dialects to understand each other to a certain degree due to similarities in their linguistic structures and vocabulary
相互理解, 相互通晓
a geographic boundary that marks the linguistic feature or variation in pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammar between different dialects or language varieties
等音线, 语言边界
a sociolinguistic situation where two distinct varieties or registers of a language are used in different social contexts or for different purposes, typically one being a high-prestige, formal variety and the other a low-prestige, informal variety
双语现象
the process of reducing linguistic differences between dialects, resulting in a more standardized variety of a language
方言平整, 方言标准化
a group of closely related dialects that share significant linguistic similarities, often found in a specific geographical or cultural region
方言簇, 方言组
a language or a simplified communication system that is used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages
通用语, 通用语言
a set of interconnected or related language varieties, including dialects, registers, and other linguistic variants, that are used by a particular speech community or within a specific linguistic context
语系
a range of dialects that are mutually intelligible to some degree, where each adjacent dialect shares similarities and gradually transitions into the next one
方言连续体, 方言的连续性
a simplified language made up of two or more languages used as a means of communication among people who do not share a common language but need to talk, for example for trading
皮金
the process in which a simplified form of language, known as a pidgin, emerges as a means of communication between groups of people who do not share a common language
皮钦化, 皮钦化过程
a constructed language designed to serve as a communication tool within a specific geographic region or zone
区域辅助语言, 分区辅助语言
a language that has been evolved from a mixture of a European and a local language, spoken as a mother tongue
克里奥尔语, 克里奥尔
the process through which a new language, known as a creole, emerges as a result of contact between different languages, typically in situations of colonization, slavery, or migration
克里奥尔化, 克里奥尔化过程
the process whereby a creole language undergoes changes that make it more similar to its lexifier language or other dominant languages in the surrounding linguistic environment
去克里奥尔化, 去克里奥尔化过程
the spectrum of language varieties that emerge and evolve in a community following the formation of a creole language, ranging from more creole-like forms to more standard-like forms
后克里奥尔连续体, 后克里奥尔谱
a constructed language that aims to resemble and function like a natural language, typically developed with the goal of facilitating international communication and cultural exchange
自然主义规划语言, 构造的自然语言
the movement or desire for a particular linguistic group to secede or break away from a larger language or linguistic community to establish their own independent language or dialect
语言分裂主义, 语言分裂
the phenomenon of switching between two or more languages or language varieties within a conversation or discourse, often influenced by social, cultural, or linguistic factors
代码切换, 语言切换
a distinct form or type of a language, such as a regional variety, social variety, or stylistic variety, which may differ in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and usage
多样性, 类型
the main language that makes it difficult to learn or understand a simplified language that developed from a mix of different languages
引语词
the phenomenon of changing one's language or speech style based on different social contexts, audiences, or situations, often involving the use of different registers, dialects, or levels of formality
风格转变, 风格变化
the social value or status attached to non-standard or stigmatized forms of language, often within specific subcultures or communities, despite their lack of recognition or validation in broader society
隐性声望, 隐秘声望
a language that is native to a particular region or territory and has been traditionally spoken by the indigenous or native population of that area
土著语言, 原住民语言
words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.
俚语, 行话
words, expressions, or topics that are considered socially or culturally inappropriate or offensive and are typically avoided or restricted in polite conversation
禁忌语言, 禁忌词汇
the variety of English language used primarily in the United States, characterized by its distinct pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar conventions
美式英语, 美国英语
a variety of English spoken predominantly by African Americans in the United States
埃博尼克斯, 非裔美国英语
an individual who is proficient in and able to switch between two distinct dialects or varieties of a language, typically based on regional or social factors
双方言的, 双方言者
a linguistic phenomenon where speakers or writers overcompensate for a perceived error or nonstandard usage by using a form that is actually incorrect or nonstandard
超纠正
a linguistic feature that distinguishes between formal and informal forms of address in language, often indicating social status or hierarchy
T-V区分, 正式与非正式称呼的区别
a word, phrase, or grammatical construction that is borrowed from the English language into another language
英语词汇, 英式用法
a word, phrase, pronunciation, or cultural trait that is specific to or associated with British English or British culture
英式用语, 英国主义
speech in which every declarative clause, sentence, etc. ends with a rising intonation, as if a question
上扬语调, 升调
the linguistic system that emerges during second language acquisition, characterized by a combination of the learner's native language and the target language, incorporating both correct and incorrect features as the learner progresses towards proficiency
中介语言, 交际语言
the intentional actions taken to shape or control how a language is used in a community or society
语言规划, 语言管理
the process of evaluating an individual's language proficiency or abilities through various tests, examinations, or evaluations
语言评估, 语言能力评估
a word or phrase with a predetermined meaning that is used instead of the usual name or word for something
密码词, 暗号
the advocacy or belief in preserving or purifying a language by purging it of foreign or non-standard elements, often aiming for linguistic preservation and cultural identity
语言纯正主义, 语言纯化
a distinct layer or level within a language system, such as different dialects, sociolects, or registers, that are associated with specific social groups, regions, or levels of formality
层, 层次
the linguistic influence of a less prestigious language on a dominant language in contact, resulting in the adoption or transfer of phonological, morphological, syntactic, or lexical features
底层, 底层语言
