언어학 - Sociolinguistics

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

방언

a manner of speaking that indicates social class, nationality, or locality of the speaker

억양, 강세

the everyday language spoken by a particular group of people in a specific region or community

방언, 사투리

a regulated and accepted form of a language that is widely used in formal settings, education, government, and media

표준어, 규범어

(linguistics) a variety of language that is used in a particular social context, based on the communicative purpose and social status of the user

레지스터, 언어 레지스터

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

전문 용어, 용어

the unique language variety or style of an individual speaker

이도렉트, 이도렉트(개별 화자의 고유한 언어 양식)

the phenomenon in which multiple forms or variants of a linguistic element, such as a phoneme, morpheme, or word, can be used interchangeably without affecting the meaning or grammaticality of a sentence

자유 변이, 프리 변이

a variety of a language that is spoken in a specific geographical region

지역 방언, 지방 사투리

a variation of a language associated with a specific social group or class, characterized by distinct linguistic features influenced by social factors

사회적 방언, 사회적 언어 변형

the first language or mother tongue that a person acquires naturally from birth or early childhood and is typically the language they are most proficient in

모국어, 모어

the social value and perceived status associated with a particular language, dialect, or speech variety

위신, 지위

a prestigious and historically influential accent and pronunciation variant of Standard British English, commonly associated with educated speakers in the United Kingdom

수용된 발음, 표준 발음

a group of people who share a common language or variety of a language and interact with one another using that language or variety

언어 공동체, 말하기 공동체

the ability of speakers of different but related languages or dialects to understand each other to a certain degree due to similarities in their linguistic structures and vocabulary

상호 이해 가능성, 상호 간의 이해

a geographic boundary that marks the linguistic feature or variation in pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammar between different dialects or language varieties

아이소글로스, 언어 경계

a sociolinguistic situation where two distinct varieties or registers of a language are used in different social contexts or for different purposes, typically one being a high-prestige, formal variety and the other a low-prestige, informal variety

이중언어사용

the process of reducing linguistic differences between dialects, resulting in a more standardized variety of a language

방언 평준화, 사투리 표준화

a group of closely related dialects that share significant linguistic similarities, often found in a specific geographical or cultural region

방언 군집, 방언 집단

a language or a simplified communication system that is used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages

링구아 프랑카, 통용어

a set of interconnected or related language varieties, including dialects, registers, and other linguistic variants, that are used by a particular speech community or within a specific linguistic context

다이아시스템

a range of dialects that are mutually intelligible to some degree, where each adjacent dialect shares similarities and gradually transitions into the next one

방언 연속체, 방언의 연속체

a simplified language made up of two or more languages used as a means of communication among people who do not share a common language but need to talk, for example for trading

피진

the process in which a simplified form of language, known as a pidgin, emerges as a means of communication between groups of people who do not share a common language

피진화, 피진화 과정

a constructed language designed to serve as a communication tool within a specific geographic region or zone

지역 보조 언어, 존 보조 언어

a language that has been evolved from a mixture of a European and a local language, spoken as a mother tongue

크리올어, 크리올

the process through which a new language, known as a creole, emerges as a result of contact between different languages, typically in situations of colonization, slavery, or migration

크리올화, 크리올 과정

the process whereby a creole language undergoes changes that make it more similar to its lexifier language or other dominant languages in the surrounding linguistic environment

디크리올리제이션, 디크리올화 과정

the spectrum of language varieties that emerge and evolve in a community following the formation of a creole language, ranging from more creole-like forms to more standard-like forms

포스트 크리올 연속체, 포스트 크리올 스펙트럼

a constructed language that aims to resemble and function like a natural language, typically developed with the goal of facilitating international communication and cultural exchange

자연주의 계획 언어, 구성된 자연 언어

the movement or desire for a particular linguistic group to secede or break away from a larger language or linguistic community to establish their own independent language or dialect

언어 분리주의, 언어 세분화

the phenomenon of switching between two or more languages or language varieties within a conversation or discourse, often influenced by social, cultural, or linguistic factors

코드 스위칭, 언어 전환

a distinct form or type of a language, such as a regional variety, social variety, or stylistic variety, which may differ in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and usage

변종, 종류

the main language that makes it difficult to learn or understand a simplified language that developed from a mix of different languages

렉시파이어

the phenomenon of changing one's language or speech style based on different social contexts, audiences, or situations, often involving the use of different registers, dialects, or levels of formality

스타일 전이, 스타일 변화

the social value or status attached to non-standard or stigmatized forms of language, often within specific subcultures or communities, despite their lack of recognition or validation in broader society

숨은 위신, 은밀한 위신

a language that is native to a particular region or territory and has been traditionally spoken by the indigenous or native population of that area

토착 언어, 원주민 언어

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

속어, 슬랭

words, expressions, or topics that are considered socially or culturally inappropriate or offensive and are typically avoided or restricted in polite conversation

금기 언어, 금기어

the English language as used in the United Kingdom

영국 영어, 브리티시 영어

the variety of English language used primarily in the United States, characterized by its distinct pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar conventions

미국 영어, 아메리칸 영어

a variety of English spoken predominantly by African Americans in the United States

에보닉스, 아프리카계 미국인의 영어

an individual who is proficient in and able to switch between two distinct dialects or varieties of a language, typically based on regional or social factors

양형 dialectal, 두 가지 방언을 구사하는 사람

a linguistic phenomenon where speakers or writers overcompensate for a perceived error or nonstandard usage by using a form that is actually incorrect or nonstandard

하이퍼 수정

a linguistic feature that distinguishes between formal and informal forms of address in language, often indicating social status or hierarchy

T-V 구분, 정중형과 비정중형 구분

a word, phrase, or grammatical construction that is borrowed from the English language into another language

앵글리시즘, 영어 차용어

a word, phrase, pronunciation, or cultural trait that is specific to or associated with British English or British culture

브리티시즘, 영국 용어

speech in which every declarative clause, sentence, etc. ends with a rising intonation, as if a question

상승 억양, 올라가는 억양

the linguistic system that emerges during second language acquisition, characterized by a combination of the learner's native language and the target language, incorporating both correct and incorrect features as the learner progresses towards proficiency

인터랭귀지, 중간 언어

the intentional actions taken to shape or control how a language is used in a community or society

언어 계획, 언어 관리

the process of evaluating an individual's language proficiency or abilities through various tests, examinations, or evaluations

언어 평가, 언어 평가

a word or phrase with a predetermined meaning that is used instead of the usual name or word for something

암호 단어, 코드 단어

the advocacy or belief in preserving or purifying a language by purging it of foreign or non-standard elements, often aiming for linguistic preservation and cultural identity

언어 순수주의, 언어 정화

a distinct layer or level within a language system, such as different dialects, sociolects, or registers, that are associated with specific social groups, regions, or levels of formality

층, 계층

the linguistic influence of a less prestigious language on a dominant language in contact, resulting in the adoption or transfer of phonological, morphological, syntactic, or lexical features

기층, 성층