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Lingüística - Sociolinguistics

Aquí aprenderá algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la sociolingüística como "acento", "dialecto social" y "jerga".

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Words Related to Linguistics
dialect
[Sustantivo]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialecto

dialecto

Ex: Linguists dialects to better understand language variation and change , as well as the social and cultural factors that shape linguistic diversity .
accent
[Sustantivo]

a manner of speaking that indicates social class, nationality, or locality of the speaker

acento

acento

vernacular
[Sustantivo]

the everyday language spoken by a particular group of people in a specific region or community

lengua vernácula

lengua vernácula

Ex: The playwright masterfully incorporated vernacular into the dialogue of the characters .
standard language
[Sustantivo]

a regulated and accepted form of a language that is widely used in formal settings, education, government, and media

lengua estándar, idioma estándar

lengua estándar, idioma estándar

register
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) a variety of language that is used in a particular social context, based on the communicative purpose and social status of the user

registro

registro

Ex: register allows speakers to navigate social interactions and convey their ideas appropriately in diverse contexts .
jargon
[Sustantivo]

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

jerga

jerga

Ex: Military jargon includes phrases like 'AWOL,' 'RECON,' and 'FOB,' which are part of the everyday language for service members but might be puzzling to civilians.
idolect
[Sustantivo]

the unique language variety or style of an individual speaker

idiolecto, idiolecto individual

idiolecto, idiolecto individual

free variation
[Sustantivo]

the phenomenon in which multiple forms or variants of a linguistic element, such as a phoneme, morpheme, or word, can be used interchangeably without affecting the meaning or grammaticality of a sentence

variación libre, variedad libre

variación libre, variedad libre

regional dialect
[Sustantivo]

a variety of a language that is spoken in a specific geographical region

dialecto regional, variedad dialectal

dialecto regional, variedad dialectal

social dialect
[Sustantivo]

a variation of a language associated with a specific social group or class, characterized by distinct linguistic features influenced by social factors

dialecto social, variedad social

dialecto social, variedad social

native language
[Sustantivo]

the first language or mother tongue that a person acquires naturally from birth or early childhood and is typically the language they are most proficient in

idioma nativo, lengua materna

idioma nativo, lengua materna

prestige
[Sustantivo]

the social value and perceived status associated with a particular language, dialect, or speech variety

prestigio, estatus social

prestigio, estatus social

a prestigious and historically influential accent and pronunciation variant of Standard British English, commonly associated with educated speakers in the United Kingdom

Pronunciación Recibida, Pronunciación Aceptada

Pronunciación Recibida, Pronunciación Aceptada

speech community
[Sustantivo]

a group of people who share a common language or variety of a language and interact with one another using that language or variety

comunidad lingüística, comunidad de habla

comunidad lingüística, comunidad de habla

the ability of speakers of different but related languages or dialects to understand each other to a certain degree due to similarities in their linguistic structures and vocabulary

inteligible mutua, comprensión mutua

inteligible mutua, comprensión mutua

isoglass
[Sustantivo]

a geographic boundary that marks the linguistic feature or variation in pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammar between different dialects or language varieties

isoglosa, isogloss

isoglosa, isogloss

diglossia
[Sustantivo]

a sociolinguistic situation where two distinct varieties or registers of a language are used in different social contexts or for different purposes, typically one being a high-prestige, formal variety and the other a low-prestige, informal variety

diglosia, diglósico

diglosia, diglósico

dialect levelling
[Sustantivo]

the process of reducing linguistic differences between dialects, resulting in a more standardized variety of a language

nivelación dialectal, homogeneización dialectal

nivelación dialectal, homogeneización dialectal

dialect cluster
[Sustantivo]

a group of closely related dialects that share significant linguistic similarities, often found in a specific geographical or cultural region

grupo de dialectos, conjunto de dialectos

grupo de dialectos, conjunto de dialectos

lingua franca
[Sustantivo]

a language or a simplified communication system that is used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages

lengua franca, idioma puente

lengua franca, idioma puente

diasystem
[Sustantivo]

a set of interconnected or related language varieties, including dialects, registers, and other linguistic variants, that are used by a particular speech community or within a specific linguistic context

díasistema, sistema diacrónico

díasistema, sistema diacrónico

dialect continuum
[Sustantivo]

a range of dialects that are mutually intelligible to some degree, where each adjacent dialect shares similarities and gradually transitions into the next one

continuo dialectal, continuum dialectal

continuo dialectal, continuum dialectal

pidgin
[Sustantivo]

a simplified language made up of two or more languages used as a means of communication among people who do not share a common language but need to talk, for example for trading

pidgin, lengua pidgin

pidgin, lengua pidgin

pidginization
[Sustantivo]

the process in which a simplified form of language, known as a pidgin, emerges as a means of communication between groups of people who do not share a common language

pidginización, piginización

pidginización, piginización

a constructed language designed to serve as a communication tool within a specific geographic region or zone

idioma auxiliar zonal, lengua auxiliar zonal

idioma auxiliar zonal, lengua auxiliar zonal

creole
[Sustantivo]

a language that has been evolved from a mixture of a European and a local language, spoken as a mother tongue

lengua criolla

lengua criolla

creolization
[Sustantivo]

the process through which a new language, known as a creole, emerges as a result of contact between different languages, typically in situations of colonization, slavery, or migration

criollización, creolización

criollización, creolización

decreolization
[Sustantivo]

the process whereby a creole language undergoes changes that make it more similar to its lexifier language or other dominant languages in the surrounding linguistic environment

decreolización, decreolización lingüística

decreolización, decreolización lingüística

the spectrum of language varieties that emerge and evolve in a community following the formation of a creole language, ranging from more creole-like forms to more standard-like forms

continuo postcreole, continuum poscriollo

continuo postcreole, continuum poscriollo

a constructed language that aims to resemble and function like a natural language, typically developed with the goal of facilitating international communication and cultural exchange

idioma planificado naturalista, lengua construida naturalista

idioma planificado naturalista, lengua construida naturalista

the movement or desire for a particular linguistic group to secede or break away from a larger language or linguistic community to establish their own independent language or dialect

secuestrismo lingüístico, secesionismo lingüístico

secuestrismo lingüístico, secesionismo lingüístico

code-switching
[Sustantivo]

the phenomenon of switching between two or more languages or language varieties within a conversation or discourse, often influenced by social, cultural, or linguistic factors

cambio de código, alternancia de códigos

cambio de código, alternancia de códigos

variety
[Sustantivo]

a distinct form or type of a language, such as a regional variety, social variety, or stylistic variety, which may differ in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and usage

variedad, variante

variedad, variante

Ex: The variety of French spoken in Quebec has some distinct vocabulary and pronunciation .
lexifier
[Sustantivo]

the main language that makes it difficult to learn or understand a simplified language that developed from a mix of different languages

lexificador, lengua principal

lexificador, lengua principal

style shifting
[Sustantivo]

the phenomenon of changing one's language or speech style based on different social contexts, audiences, or situations, often involving the use of different registers, dialects, or levels of formality

cambio de estilo, variación estilística

cambio de estilo, variación estilística

covert prestige
[Sustantivo]

the social value or status attached to non-standard or stigmatized forms of language, often within specific subcultures or communities, despite their lack of recognition or validation in broader society

prestigio encubierto, prestigio oculto

prestigio encubierto, prestigio oculto

a language that is native to a particular region or territory and has been traditionally spoken by the indigenous or native population of that area

lengua indígena, idioma indígena

lengua indígena, idioma indígena

slang
[Sustantivo]

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

argot, jerga

argot, jerga

Ex: The slang term 'cop' is commonly used to refer to a police officer, originating from the verb 'to cop,' meaning to capture or arrest.
taboo language
[Sustantivo]

words, expressions, or topics that are considered socially or culturally inappropriate or offensive and are typically avoided or restricted in polite conversation

lenguaje tabú, palabras tabú

lenguaje tabú, palabras tabú

British English
[Sustantivo]

the English language as used in the United Kingdom

inglés británico

inglés británico

Ex: She prefers British English spelling, like "colour" instead of "color."
American English
[Sustantivo]

the variety of English language used primarily in the United States, characterized by its distinct pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar conventions

inglés estadounidense, inglés americano

inglés estadounidense, inglés americano

bidialectal
[Sustantivo]

an individual who is proficient in and able to switch between two distinct dialects or varieties of a language, typically based on regional or social factors

bidialectal, bilingüe dialectal

bidialectal, bilingüe dialectal

hypercorrection
[Sustantivo]

a linguistic phenomenon where speakers or writers overcompensate for a perceived error or nonstandard usage by using a form that is actually incorrect or nonstandard

hipercorrección, hipercorrección

hipercorrección, hipercorrección

T-V distinction
[Sustantivo]

a linguistic feature that distinguishes between formal and informal forms of address in language, often indicating social status or hierarchy

distinción T-V, distinción entre tú y usted

distinción T-V, distinción entre tú y usted

anglicism
[Sustantivo]

a word, phrase, or grammatical construction that is borrowed from the English language into another language

anglicismo

anglicismo

Britishism
[Sustantivo]

a word, phrase, pronunciation, or cultural trait that is specific to or associated with British English or British culture

britanicismo, término británico

britanicismo, término británico

uptalk
[Sustantivo]

speech in which every declarative clause, sentence, etc. ends with a rising intonation, as if a question

tono terminal de ascenso

tono terminal de ascenso

interlanguage
[Sustantivo]

the linguistic system that emerges during second language acquisition, characterized by a combination of the learner's native language and the target language, incorporating both correct and incorrect features as the learner progresses towards proficiency

interlengua, interidioma

interlengua, interidioma

language planning
[Sustantivo]

the intentional actions taken to shape or control how a language is used in a community or society

planificación lingüística, planificación del lenguaje

planificación lingüística, planificación del lenguaje

the process of evaluating an individual's language proficiency or abilities through various tests, examinations, or evaluations

evaluación del lenguaje, valoración del lenguaje

evaluación del lenguaje, valoración del lenguaje

code word
[Sustantivo]

a word or phrase with a predetermined meaning that is used instead of the usual name or word for something

en código

en código

linguistic purism
[Sustantivo]

the advocacy or belief in preserving or purifying a language by purging it of foreign or non-standard elements, often aiming for linguistic preservation and cultural identity

purnismo lingüístico, purismo lingüístico

purnismo lingüístico, purismo lingüístico

stratum
[Sustantivo]

a distinct layer or level within a language system, such as different dialects, sociolects, or registers, that are associated with specific social groups, regions, or levels of formality

estrato, capa

estrato, capa

substratum
[Sustantivo]

the linguistic influence of a less prestigious language on a dominant language in contact, resulting in the adoption or transfer of phonological, morphological, syntactic, or lexical features

sustrato, substrato

sustrato, substrato

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