Nyelvészet - Sociolinguistics

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialektus

a manner of speaking that indicates social class, nationality, or locality of the speaker

akcentus, kiejtés

the everyday language spoken by a particular group of people in a specific region or community

helyi nyelv, népi nyelv

a regulated and accepted form of a language that is widely used in formal settings, education, government, and media

standard nyelv, normatív nyelv

(linguistics) a variety of language that is used in a particular social context, based on the communicative purpose and social status of the user

regiszter, nyelvi regiszter

words, phrases, and expressions used by a specific group or profession, which are incomprehensible to others

zsargon, szakszavak

the unique language variety or style of an individual speaker

idiolektus, idiolektus (egyéni beszélő egyedi nyelvi változat)

the phenomenon in which multiple forms or variants of a linguistic element, such as a phoneme, morpheme, or word, can be used interchangeably without affecting the meaning or grammaticality of a sentence

szabad variáció, ingyenes variáció

a variety of a language that is spoken in a specific geographical region

regionális dialektus, helyi nyelvjárás

a variation of a language associated with a specific social group or class, characterized by distinct linguistic features influenced by social factors

társadalmi dialektus, társadalmi nyelvi változat

the first language or mother tongue that a person acquires naturally from birth or early childhood and is typically the language they are most proficient in

anyanyelv, szülőnyelv

the social value and perceived status associated with a particular language, dialect, or speech variety

presztízs, jogosultság

a prestigious and historically influential accent and pronunciation variant of Standard British English, commonly associated with educated speakers in the United Kingdom

Elfogadott kiejtés, Szabványos kiejtés

a group of people who share a common language or variety of a language and interact with one another using that language or variety

beszélő közösség, nyelvi közösség

the ability of speakers of different but related languages or dialects to understand each other to a certain degree due to similarities in their linguistic structures and vocabulary

kölcsönös érthetőség, közös nyelvi értelem

a geographic boundary that marks the linguistic feature or variation in pronunciation, vocabulary, or grammar between different dialects or language varieties

izoglossz, nyelvi határ

a sociolinguistic situation where two distinct varieties or registers of a language are used in different social contexts or for different purposes, typically one being a high-prestige, formal variety and the other a low-prestige, informal variety

diglosszia

the process of reducing linguistic differences between dialects, resulting in a more standardized variety of a language

nyelvjáráskiigazítás, nyelvjárásosztályozás

a group of closely related dialects that share significant linguistic similarities, often found in a specific geographical or cultural region

dialektusklaszter, dialektuscsoport

a language or a simplified communication system that is used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages

lingua franca, közvetítő nyelv

a set of interconnected or related language varieties, including dialects, registers, and other linguistic variants, that are used by a particular speech community or within a specific linguistic context

diaszisztéma

a range of dialects that are mutually intelligible to some degree, where each adjacent dialect shares similarities and gradually transitions into the next one

nyelvjárási kontinuum, nyelvjárások folytonossága

a simplified language made up of two or more languages used as a means of communication among people who do not share a common language but need to talk, for example for trading

pidgin

the process in which a simplified form of language, known as a pidgin, emerges as a means of communication between groups of people who do not share a common language

pidginizálás, pidginizálási folyamat

a constructed language designed to serve as a communication tool within a specific geographic region or zone

zónális segédnyelv, segédnyelv zónán belül

a language that has been evolved from a mixture of a European and a local language, spoken as a mother tongue

kreyol, kölönböző nyelvek keveréke

the process through which a new language, known as a creole, emerges as a result of contact between different languages, typically in situations of colonization, slavery, or migration

kriolizáció, kriol folyamat

the process whereby a creole language undergoes changes that make it more similar to its lexifier language or other dominant languages in the surrounding linguistic environment

dekreolizáció, dekreolizáció folyamata

the spectrum of language varieties that emerge and evolve in a community following the formation of a creole language, ranging from more creole-like forms to more standard-like forms

poszt-kreol kontinuum, poszt-kreol spektrum

a constructed language that aims to resemble and function like a natural language, typically developed with the goal of facilitating international communication and cultural exchange

természetes tervezett nyelv, készített természetes nyelv

the movement or desire for a particular linguistic group to secede or break away from a larger language or linguistic community to establish their own independent language or dialect

nyelvi szeparatizmus, nyelvi elszakadás

the phenomenon of switching between two or more languages or language varieties within a conversation or discourse, often influenced by social, cultural, or linguistic factors

kódváltás, nyelvi váltás

a distinct form or type of a language, such as a regional variety, social variety, or stylistic variety, which may differ in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and usage

változat, típus

the main language that makes it difficult to learn or understand a simplified language that developed from a mix of different languages

lexifier

the phenomenon of changing one's language or speech style based on different social contexts, audiences, or situations, often involving the use of different registers, dialects, or levels of formality

stílusváltás, stílusvariáció

the social value or status attached to non-standard or stigmatized forms of language, often within specific subcultures or communities, despite their lack of recognition or validation in broader society

rejtett presztízs, kopott presztízs

a language that is native to a particular region or territory and has been traditionally spoken by the indigenous or native population of that area

őslakos nyelv, belföldi nyelv

words or expressions that are very informal and more common in spoken form, used especially by a particular group of people, such as criminals, children, etc.

szleng, beszélt nyelv

words, expressions, or topics that are considered socially or culturally inappropriate or offensive and are typically avoided or restricted in polite conversation

tabu nyelv, tiltott nyelv

the English language as used in the United Kingdom

brit angol, az Egyesült Királyság angolja

the variety of English language used primarily in the United States, characterized by its distinct pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar conventions

amerikai angol, az Egyesült Államok angol nyelve

a variety of English spoken predominantly by African Americans in the United States

Ebonics, Afroamerikai angol

an individual who is proficient in and able to switch between two distinct dialects or varieties of a language, typically based on regional or social factors

bidiálektusú, két dialektust beszélő

a linguistic phenomenon where speakers or writers overcompensate for a perceived error or nonstandard usage by using a form that is actually incorrect or nonstandard

hiperkorrektúra

a linguistic feature that distinguishes between formal and informal forms of address in language, often indicating social status or hierarchy

T-V megkülönböztetés, formális és informális megszólítás megkülönböztetése

a word, phrase, or grammatical construction that is borrowed from the English language into another language

anglicizmus, angoltól kölcsönzött kifejezés

a word, phrase, pronunciation, or cultural trait that is specific to or associated with British English or British culture

britaizmus, brit kifejezés

speech in which every declarative clause, sentence, etc. ends with a rising intonation, as if a question

emelkedő intonáció, kérdő intonáció

the linguistic system that emerges during second language acquisition, characterized by a combination of the learner's native language and the target language, incorporating both correct and incorrect features as the learner progresses towards proficiency

internyelv, köztes nyelv

the intentional actions taken to shape or control how a language is used in a community or society

nyelvtervezés, nyelvi tervezés

the process of evaluating an individual's language proficiency or abilities through various tests, examinations, or evaluations

nyelvi értékelés, nyelvi felmérés

a word or phrase with a predetermined meaning that is used instead of the usual name or word for something

kódolt szó, titkos szó

the advocacy or belief in preserving or purifying a language by purging it of foreign or non-standard elements, often aiming for linguistic preservation and cultural identity

nyelvi purizmus, a nyelv tisztaságának védelme

a distinct layer or level within a language system, such as different dialects, sociolects, or registers, that are associated with specific social groups, regions, or levels of formality

réteg, szint

the linguistic influence of a less prestigious language on a dominant language in contact, resulting in the adoption or transfer of phonological, morphological, syntactic, or lexical features

substrátum, alapréteg