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Vocabolario per IELTS Academic (Punteggio 6-7) - Biologia

Qui, imparerai alcune parole inglesi relative alla Biologia che sono necessarie per l'esame accademico IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
enzyme
enzyme
[sostantivo]

a biological molecule, usually a protein, that speeds up a specific chemical reaction without being consumed in the process

enzima

enzima

Ex: Each enzyme typically acts on a particular substance or type of reaction. 
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membrane
membrane
[sostantivo]

a thin layer of living tissue that covers, lines, connects, or separates parts of an organism

membrana

membrana

Ex: The protective membrane helps keep the underlying tissue moist. 
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tissue
tissue
[sostantivo]

a group of similar cells that work together to form a particular part of a human, animal, or plant

tessuto

tessuto

Ex: The disease can affect healthy brain tissue. 
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plasma
plasma
[sostantivo]

(biology) the colorless liquid part of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended

plasma

plasma

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lipid
lipid
[sostantivo]

(biochemistry) an oily or fatty molecule that does not dissolve in water and is a key building block of cell membranes

lipidico

lipidico

Ex: She studied how different lipids affect heart health in her nutrition class. 
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amino acid
amino acid
[sostantivo]

(biochemistry) a small molecule that cells link together to build proteins

aminoacido

aminoacido

Ex: A missing amino acid can stop protein synthesis entirely until it becomes available again. 
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synapse
synapse
[sostantivo]

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

sinapsi, giunzione sinaptica

sinapsi, giunzione sinaptica

Ex: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a phenomenon occurring at synapses, associated with the strengthening of synaptic connections and learning and memory. 

La potenziazione a lungo termine (LTP) è un fenomeno che si verifica a livello delle sinapsi, associato al rafforzamento delle connessioni sinaptiche e all'apprendimento e alla memoria.

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genotype
genotype
[sostantivo]

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotipo

genotipo

Ex: In selective breeding, farmers aim to produce crops with specific desirable traits by manipulating the genotype of plants. 

Nell'allevamento selettivo, gli agricoltori mirano a produrre colture con tratti specifici desiderabili manipolando il genotipo delle piante.

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meiosis
meiosis
[sostantivo]

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

meiosi, divisione cellulare riduzionale

meiosi, divisione cellulare riduzionale

Ex: The phases of meiosis include prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II. 

Le fasi della meiosi includono la profase I, metafase I, anafase I, telofase I, profase II, metafase II, anafase II e telofase II.

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mitosis
mitosis
[sostantivo]

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

mitosi, divisione cellulare equazionale

mitosi, divisione cellulare equazionale

Ex: Somatic cells undergo mitosis, ensuring that each daughter cell retains the same genetic information as the parent cell. 

Le cellule somatiche subiscono la mitosi, assicurando che ogni cellula figlia conservi la stessa informazione genetica della cellula genitrice.

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endocrine
endocrine
[sostantivo]

the system of glands and organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream, regulating various physiological functions and maintaining homeostasis

sistema endocrino, endocrino

sistema endocrino, endocrino

Ex: Disorders such as diabetes and hyperthyroidism can result from imbalances in the endocrine system, affecting overall health and well-being. 

Disturbi come il diabete e l'ipertiroidismo possono derivare da squilibri nel sistema endocrino, influenzando la salute e il benessere generale.

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exocrine
exocrine
[sostantivo]

a gland that secretes substances, such as enzymes or mucus, through ducts that lead to the external environment or a body cavity, rather than directly into the bloodstream

esocrino, ghiandola esocrina

esocrino, ghiandola esocrina

Ex: Mammary glands are exocrine glands that produce milk and release it through ducts during breastfeeding. 

Le ghiandole mammarie sono ghiandole esocrine che producono latte e lo rilasciano attraverso i dotti durante l'allattamento.

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cortisol
cortisol
[sostantivo]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

cortisolo

cortisolo

Ex: The medication contains cortisol to reduce inflammation and swelling. 

Il farmaco contiene cortisolo per ridurre l'infiammazione e il gonfiore.

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stimulus
stimulus
[sostantivo]

something that causes or prompts a physical, psychological, or behavioral response

stimolo

stimolo

Ex: Children responded differently to the same auditory stimulus. 
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axon
axon
[sostantivo]

(neuroanatomy) the long, single fiber of a nerve cell that carries electrical signals away from the cell body

assone,  cilindrasse

assone, cilindrasse

Ex: The axon was wrapped in a myelin sheath to speed up signal conduction. 
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vesicle
vesicle
[sostantivo]

a small, membrane-bound sac within a cell, involved in the transport, storage, or release of substances

vescicola, vacuolo

vescicola, vacuolo

Ex: Endocytic vesicles form when cells engulf external materials through processes like phagocytosis or pinocytosis, bringing them into the cell. 

Le vescicole endocitiche si formano quando le cellule inglobano materiali esterni attraverso processi come la fagocitosi o la pinocitosi, portandoli all'interno della cellula.

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