Vocabolario per IELTS Academic (Punteggio 6-7) - Biology

Qui, imparerai alcune parole inglesi relative alla Biologia che sono necessarie per l'esame accademico IELTS.

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enzyme

[sostantivo]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzima

Ex: The detergent contains enzymes that break down protein stains , such as blood and grass , on clothing .Il detersivo contiene **enzimi** che scompongono le macchie di proteine, come sangue ed erba, sui vestiti.

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membrane

[sostantivo]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

membrana

Ex: The blood-brain barrier is a specialized membrane that protects the brain .La barriera emato-encefalica è una **membrana** specializzata che protegge il cervello.

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tissue

[sostantivo]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

tessuto

Ex: Adipose tissue , commonly known as fat tissue, stores energy and cushions organs in the body .Il **tessuto** adiposo, comunemente noto come tessuto grasso, immagazzina energia e ammortizza gli organi del corpo.

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plasma

[sostantivo]

(biology) the colorless liquid part of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended

plasma

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lipid

[sostantivo]

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

lipidico

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amino acid

[sostantivo]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

aminoacido

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synapse

[sostantivo]

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

sinapsi, giunzione sinaptica

Ex: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a phenomenon occurring at synapses, associated with the strengthening of synaptic connections and learning and memory.La potenziazione a lungo termine (LTP) è un fenomeno che si verifica a livello delle **sinapsi**, associato al rafforzamento delle connessioni sinaptiche e all'apprendimento e alla memoria.

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genotype

[sostantivo]

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotipo

Ex: In selective breeding , farmers aim to produce crops with specific desirable traits by manipulating the genotype of plants .Nell'allevamento selettivo, gli agricoltori mirano a produrre colture con tratti specifici desiderabili manipolando il **genotipo** delle piante.

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meiosis

[sostantivo]

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

meiosi, divisione cellulare riduzionale

Ex: The phases of meiosis include prophase I , metaphase I , anaphase I , telophase I , prophase II , metaphase II , anaphase II , and telophase II .Le fasi della **meiosi** includono la profase I, metafase I, anafase I, telofase I, profase II, metafase II, anafase II e telofase II.

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mitosis

[sostantivo]

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

mitosi, divisione cellulare equazionale

Ex: Somatic cells undergo mitosis, ensuring that each daughter cell retains the same genetic information as the parent cell .Le cellule somatiche subiscono la **mitosi**, assicurando che ogni cellula figlia conservi la stessa informazione genetica della cellula genitrice.

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endocrine

[sostantivo]

the system of glands and organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream, regulating various physiological functions and maintaining homeostasis

sistema endocrino, endocrino

Ex: Disorders such as diabetes and hyperthyroidism can result from imbalances in the endocrine system, affecting overall health and well-being.Disturbi come il diabete e l'ipertiroidismo possono derivare da squilibri nel sistema **endocrino**, influenzando la salute e il benessere generale.

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exocrine

[sostantivo]

a gland that secretes substances, such as enzymes or mucus, through ducts that lead to the external environment or a body cavity, rather than directly into the bloodstream

esocrino, ghiandola esocrina

Ex: Mammary glands are exocrine glands that produce milk and release it through ducts during breastfeeding.Le ghiandole mammarie sono ghiandole **esocrine** che producono latte e lo rilasciano attraverso i dotti durante l'allattamento.

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cortisol

[sostantivo]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

cortisolo

Ex: The medication contains cortisol to reduce inflammation and swelling .Il farmaco contiene **cortisolo** per ridurre l'infiammazione e il gonfiore.

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stimulus

[sostantivo]

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

stimolo

Ex: Teachers often use interactive and engaging stimuli, like educational games or hands-on activities , to stimulate interest and enhance the learning experience in the classroom .Gli insegnanti spesso utilizzano **stimoli** interattivi e coinvolgenti, come giochi educativi o attività pratiche, per stimolare l'interesse e migliorare l'esperienza di apprendimento in classe.

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axon

[sostantivo]

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

assone, neurite

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vesicle

[sostantivo]

a small, membrane-bound sac within a cell, involved in the transport, storage, or release of substances

vescicola, vacuolo

Ex: Endocytic vesicles form when cells engulf external materials through processes like phagocytosis or pinocytosis , bringing them into the cell .Le **vescicole** endocitiche si formano quando le cellule inglobano materiali esterni attraverso processi come la fagocitosi o la pinocitosi, portandoli all'interno della cellula.

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Vocabolario per IELTS Academic (Punteggio 6-7)

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Vocabolario per IELTS Academic (Punteggio 6-7) - Biology