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مفردات لاختبار IELTS Academic (الدرجة 6-7) - Biology

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
enzyme
[اسم]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

إنزيم, انزيمات

إنزيم, انزيمات

Ex: The detergent enzymes that break down protein stains , such as blood and grass , on clothing .
membrane
[اسم]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

غشاء, غشائية

غشاء, غشائية

Ex: The blood-brain barrier is a membrane that protects the brain .
tissue
[اسم]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

نسيج, خلايا

نسيج, خلايا

Ex: Adipose tissue , commonly known as tissue, stores energy and cushions organs in the body .
plasma
[اسم]

(biology) the colorless liquid part of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended

بلازما, المصل

بلازما, المصل

lipid
[اسم]

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

دهون, ليبيدات

دهون, ليبيدات

amino acid
[اسم]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

حمض أميني, أحماض أمينية

حمض أميني, أحماض أمينية

synapse
[اسم]

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

التشابك العصبي, المفترق العصبي

التشابك العصبي, المفترق العصبي

Ex: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a phenomenon occurring at synapses, associated with the strengthening of synaptic connections and learning and memory.
genotype
[اسم]

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

الجينوم, التركيب الجيني

الجينوم, التركيب الجيني

Ex: In selective breeding , farmers aim to produce crops with specific desirable traits by manipulating genotype of plants .
meiosis
[اسم]

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

انقسام الاختزال, الانقسام الميوزي

انقسام الاختزال, الانقسام الميوزي

Ex: The phases meiosis include prophase I , metaphase I , anaphase I , telophase I , prophase II , metaphase II , anaphase II , and telophase II .
mitosis
[اسم]

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

انقسام الخلايا, تنصيف الخلايا

انقسام الخلايا, تنصيف الخلايا

Ex: Somatic cells mitosis, ensuring that each daughter cell retains the same genetic information as the parent cell .
endocrine
[اسم]

the system of glands and organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream, regulating various physiological functions and maintaining homeostasis

نظام الغدد الصماء, الغدد الصماء

نظام الغدد الصماء, الغدد الصماء

Ex: Disorders such as diabetes and hyperthyroidism can result from imbalances in the endocrine system, affecting overall health and well-being.
exocrine
[اسم]

a gland that secretes substances, such as enzymes or mucus, through ducts that lead to the external environment or a body cavity, rather than directly into the bloodstream

غدة إفرازية, غدة خارجية

غدة إفرازية, غدة خارجية

Ex: Mammary glands are exocrine glands that produce milk and release it through ducts during breastfeeding.
cortisol
[اسم]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

كورتيزول, هرمون الكورتيزول

كورتيزول, هرمون الكورتيزول

Ex: The medication cortisol to reduce inflammation and swelling .
stimulus
[اسم]

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

محفز, تنبيه

محفز, تنبيه

Ex: Teachers often use interactive and stimuli, like educational games or hands-on activities , to stimulate interest and enhance the learning experience in the classroom .
axon
[اسم]

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

محور عصبي, دويل عصبي

محور عصبي, دويل عصبي

vesicle
[اسم]

a small, membrane-bound sac within a cell, involved in the transport, storage, or release of substances

حصيرة, فجوة

حصيرة, فجوة

Ex: vesicles form when cells engulf external materials through processes like phagocytosis or pinocytosis , bringing them into the cell .
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