IELTS学术词汇 (分数6-7) - Biology

在这里，你将学习一些与生物学相关的英语单词，这些单词是学术雅思考试所必需的。

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enzyme

[名词]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

酶

Ex: The detergent contains enzymes that break down protein stains , such as blood and grass , on clothing .洗涤剂含有**酶**，可以分解衣物上的蛋白质污渍，如血液和草渍。

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membrane

[名词]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

膜, 薄膜

Ex: The blood-brain barrier is a specialized membrane that protects the brain .血脑屏障是一种保护大脑的特殊**膜**。

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tissue

[名词]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

组织, 细胞组织

Ex: Adipose tissue , commonly known as fat tissue, stores energy and cushions organs in the body .脂肪**组织**，通常称为脂肪组织，储存能量并缓冲身体内的器官。

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plasma

[名词]

(biology) the colorless liquid part of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended

血浆

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lipid

[名词]

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

脂类, 脂肪

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amino acid

[名词]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

氨基酸, 胺基酸

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synapse

[名词]

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

突触, 神经细胞之间的连接

Ex: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a phenomenon occurring at synapses, associated with the strengthening of synaptic connections and learning and memory.长时程增强（LTP）是一种发生在**突触**的现象，与突触连接的加强以及学习和记忆有关。

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genotype

[名词]

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

基因型

Ex: In selective breeding , farmers aim to produce crops with specific desirable traits by manipulating the genotype of plants .在选择性育种中，农民通过操纵植物的**基因型**，旨在生产具有特定理想性状的作物。

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meiosis

[名词]

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

减数分裂, 染色体数目减半的细胞分裂

Ex: The phases of meiosis include prophase I , metaphase I , anaphase I , telophase I , prophase II , metaphase II , anaphase II , and telophase II .**减数分裂**的阶段包括前期I、中期I、后期I、末期I、前期II、中期II、后期II和末期II。

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mitosis

[名词]

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

有丝分裂, 均等细胞分裂

Ex: Somatic cells undergo mitosis, ensuring that each daughter cell retains the same genetic information as the parent cell .体细胞经历**有丝分裂**，确保每个子细胞保留与母细胞相同的遗传信息。

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endocrine

[名词]

the system of glands and organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream, regulating various physiological functions and maintaining homeostasis

内分泌系统, 内分泌

Ex: Disorders such as diabetes and hyperthyroidism can result from imbalances in the endocrine system, affecting overall health and well-being.糖尿病和甲状腺功能亢进等疾病可能由**内分泌**系统失衡引起，影响整体健康和幸福感。

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exocrine

[名词]

a gland that secretes substances, such as enzymes or mucus, through ducts that lead to the external environment or a body cavity, rather than directly into the bloodstream

外分泌, 外分泌腺

Ex: Mammary glands are exocrine glands that produce milk and release it through ducts during breastfeeding.乳腺是在哺乳期间通过导管产生和释放乳汁的**外分泌**腺。

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cortisol

[名词]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

皮质醇, 身体产生的一种类固醇激素，用于医学上帮助治疗皮肤病

Ex: The medication contains cortisol to reduce inflammation and swelling .该药物含有**皮质醇**，可减少炎症和肿胀。

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stimulus

[名词]

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

刺激, 刺激物

Ex: Teachers often use interactive and engaging stimuli, like educational games or hands-on activities , to stimulate interest and enhance the learning experience in the classroom .教师经常使用互动和吸引人的**刺激物**，如教育游戏或实践活动，以激发兴趣并增强课堂学习体验。

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axon

[名词]

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

轴突, 神经突

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vesicle

[名词]

a small, membrane-bound sac within a cell, involved in the transport, storage, or release of substances

囊泡, 液泡

Ex: Endocytic vesicles form when cells engulf external materials through processes like phagocytosis or pinocytosis , bringing them into the cell .内吞**小泡**在细胞通过吞噬或胞饮等过程吞噬外部物质并将其带入细胞内部时形成。

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IELTS学术词汇 (分数6-7)

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IELTS学术词汇 (分数6-7) - Biology