Akademický IELTS (Pásmo 6-7) - Biologie

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzym

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

membrána

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

tkáň

(biology) the colorless liquid part of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended

plazma

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

lipid

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

aminokyselina

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

synapse

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotyp

a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction

redukční dělení buněk

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

mitóza

a branching extension of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons and conducts electrical impulses toward the cell body

dendrit

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

axon

the system of glands and organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream, regulating various physiological functions and maintaining homeostasis

endokrinní

a gland that secretes substances, such as enzymes or mucus, through ducts that lead to the external environment or a body cavity, rather than directly into the bloodstream

exokrinní

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

kortizol

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

stimul (fyziologie)

a small, membrane-bound sac within a cell, involved in the transport, storage, or release of substances

váček