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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 6-7) - Biology

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s biologií, která jsou nezbytná pro zkoušku Academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
enzyme
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzym, enzymová látka

enzym, enzymová látka

Ex: The detergent enzymes that break down protein stains , such as blood and grass , on clothing .
membrane
[Podstatné jméno]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

membrána, vrstva

membrána, vrstva

Ex: The blood-brain barrier is a membrane that protects the brain .
tissue
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

tkáň, přenášená látka

tkáň, přenášená látka

Ex: Adipose tissue , commonly known as tissue, stores energy and cushions organs in the body .
plasma
[Podstatné jméno]

(biology) the colorless liquid part of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended

plazma, plazmatická část krve

plazma, plazmatická část krve

lipid
[Podstatné jméno]

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

lipid, tuková látka

lipid, tuková látka

amino acid
[Podstatné jméno]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

aminokyselina, aminokyseliny

aminokyselina, aminokyseliny

synapse
[Podstatné jméno]

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

synapse, synaptická štěrbina

synapse, synaptická štěrbina

Ex: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a phenomenon occurring at synapses, associated with the strengthening of synaptic connections and learning and memory.
genotype
[Podstatné jméno]

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotyp, genetická výbava

genotyp, genetická výbava

Ex: In selective breeding , farmers aim to produce crops with specific desirable traits by manipulating genotype of plants .
meiosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

meióza, meióza (typ dělení buněk)

meióza, meióza (typ dělení buněk)

Ex: The phases meiosis include prophase I , metaphase I , anaphase I , telophase I , prophase II , metaphase II , anaphase II , and telophase II .
mitosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

mitóza, dělení buněk

mitóza, dělení buněk

Ex: Somatic cells mitosis, ensuring that each daughter cell retains the same genetic information as the parent cell .
endocrine
[Podstatné jméno]

the system of glands and organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream, regulating various physiological functions and maintaining homeostasis

endokrinní systém, endokrinní

endokrinní systém, endokrinní

Ex: Disorders such as diabetes and hyperthyroidism can result from imbalances in the endocrine system, affecting overall health and well-being.
exocrine
[Podstatné jméno]

a gland that secretes substances, such as enzymes or mucus, through ducts that lead to the external environment or a body cavity, rather than directly into the bloodstream

exokrinní žláza, žláza s vnější sekrecí

exokrinní žláza, žláza s vnější sekrecí

Ex: Mammary glands are exocrine glands that produce milk and release it through ducts during breastfeeding.
cortisol
[Podstatné jméno]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

kortizol, kortikoid

kortizol, kortikoid

Ex: The medication cortisol to reduce inflammation and swelling .
stimulus
[Podstatné jméno]

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

stimulus, podnět

stimulus, podnět

Ex: Teachers often use interactive and stimuli, like educational games or hands-on activities , to stimulate interest and enhance the learning experience in the classroom .
axon
[Podstatné jméno]

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

axon, neurit

axon, neurit

vesicle
[Podstatné jméno]

a small, membrane-bound sac within a cell, involved in the transport, storage, or release of substances

vezikula, vakuola

vezikula, vakuola

Ex: vesicles form when cells engulf external materials through processes like phagocytosis or pinocytosis , bringing them into the cell .
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