Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 6-7) - Biology

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la Biología que son necesarias para el examen académico IELTS.

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enzyme

[Sustantivo]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzima

Ex: The detergent contains enzymes that break down protein stains , such as blood and grass , on clothing .El detergente contiene **enzimas** que descomponen las manchas de proteínas, como sangre y hierba, en la ropa.

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membrane

[Sustantivo]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

membrana

Ex: The blood-brain barrier is a specialized membrane that protects the brain .La barrera hematoencefálica es una **membrana** especializada que protege el cerebro.

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tissue

[Sustantivo]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

tejido

Ex: Adipose tissue , commonly known as fat tissue, stores energy and cushions organs in the body .El **tejido** adiposo, comúnmente conocido como tejido graso, almacena energía y amortigua los órganos del cuerpo.

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plasma

[Sustantivo]

(biology) the colorless liquid part of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended

plasma

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lipid

[Sustantivo]

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

lípido

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amino acid

[Sustantivo]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

aminoácido

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synapse

[Sustantivo]

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

sinapsis, unión sináptica

Ex: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a phenomenon occurring at synapses, associated with the strengthening of synaptic connections and learning and memory.La potenciación a largo plazo (LTP) es un fenómeno que ocurre en las **sinapsis**, asociado con el fortalecimiento de las conexiones sinápticas y el aprendizaje y la memoria.

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genotype

[Sustantivo]

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotipo

Ex: In selective breeding , farmers aim to produce crops with specific desirable traits by manipulating the genotype of plants .En la cría selectiva, los agricultores buscan producir cultivos con rasgos específicos deseables manipulando el **genotipo** de las plantas.

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meiosis

[Sustantivo]

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

meiosis, división celular reduccional

Ex: The phases of meiosis include prophase I , metaphase I , anaphase I , telophase I , prophase II , metaphase II , anaphase II , and telophase II .Las fases de la **meiosis** incluyen la profase I, metafase I, anafase I, telofase I, profase II, metafase II, anafase II y telofase II.

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mitosis

[Sustantivo]

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

mitosis, división celular ecuacional

Ex: Somatic cells undergo mitosis, ensuring that each daughter cell retains the same genetic information as the parent cell .Las células somáticas experimentan la **mitosis**, asegurando que cada célula hija retenga la misma información genética que la célula progenitora.

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endocrine

[Sustantivo]

the system of glands and organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream, regulating various physiological functions and maintaining homeostasis

sistema endocrino, endocrino

Ex: Disorders such as diabetes and hyperthyroidism can result from imbalances in the endocrine system, affecting overall health and well-being.Trastornos como la diabetes y el hipertiroidismo pueden resultar de desequilibrios en el sistema **endocrino**, afectando la salud y el bienestar general.

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exocrine

[Sustantivo]

a gland that secretes substances, such as enzymes or mucus, through ducts that lead to the external environment or a body cavity, rather than directly into the bloodstream

exocrino, glándula exocrina

Ex: Mammary glands are exocrine glands that produce milk and release it through ducts during breastfeeding.Las glándulas mamarias son glándulas **exocrinas** que producen leche y la liberan a través de conductos durante la lactancia.

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cortisol

[Sustantivo]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

cortisol

Ex: The medication contains cortisol to reduce inflammation and swelling .El medicamento contiene **cortisol** para reducir la inflamación y la hinchazón.

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stimulus

[Sustantivo]

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

estímulo

Ex: Teachers often use interactive and engaging stimuli, like educational games or hands-on activities , to stimulate interest and enhance the learning experience in the classroom .Los maestros a menudo usan **estímulos** interactivos y atractivos, como juegos educativos o actividades prácticas, para estimular el interés y mejorar la experiencia de aprendizaje en el aula.

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axon

[Sustantivo]

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

axón, neurita

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vesicle

[Sustantivo]

a small, membrane-bound sac within a cell, involved in the transport, storage, or release of substances

vesícula, vacuola

Ex: Endocytic vesicles form when cells engulf external materials through processes like phagocytosis or pinocytosis , bringing them into the cell .Las **vesículas** endocíticas se forman cuando las células engullen materiales externos a través de procesos como la fagocitosis o la pinocitosis, llevándolos al interior de la célula.

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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 6-7)

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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 6-7) - Biology