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Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 6-7) - Biologie

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la Biologie qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen académique IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
enzyme
enzyme
[nom]

a biological molecule, usually a protein, that speeds up a specific chemical reaction without being consumed in the process

enzyme

enzyme

Ex: This enzyme converts starch into sugar. 
membrane

a thin layer of living tissue that covers, lines, connects, or separates parts of an organism

membrane

membrane

Ex: Emma developed inflammation in the membrane lining her chest cavity. 
tissue
tissue
[nom]

a group of similar cells that work together to form a particular part of a human, animal, or plant

tissu

tissu

Ex: The surgeon removed a small sample of tissue for testing. 
plasma
plasma
[nom]

(biology) the colorless liquid part of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended

plasma

plasma

lipid
lipid
[nom]

(biochemistry) an oily or fatty molecule that does not dissolve in water and is a key building block of cell membranes

lipide

lipide

Ex: Butter and olive oil are rich sources of dietary lipids. 
amino acid

(biochemistry) a small molecule that cells link together to build proteins

acide aminé

acide aminé

Ex: This supplement contains all nine essential amino acids that your body cannot produce on its own. 
synapse
synapse
[nom]

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

synapse, jonction synaptique

synapse, jonction synaptique

Ex: Synapses play a crucial role in information processing in the nervous system, allowing communication between neurons. 

Les synapses jouent un rôle crucial dans le traitement de l'information dans le système nerveux, permettant la communication entre les neurones.

genotype

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

génotype

génotype

Ex: Genetic disorders can arise from variations in an individual's genotype, impacting their health and well-being. 

Les troubles génétiques peuvent résulter de variations dans le génotype d'un individu, affectant sa santé et son bien-être.

meiosis
meiosis
[nom]

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

méiose, division cellulaire réductionnelle

méiose, division cellulaire réductionnelle

Ex: The process of meiosis involves two consecutive divisions, resulting in four non-identical haploid cells. 

Le processus de méiose implique deux divisions consécutives, aboutissant à quatre cellules haploïdes non identiques.

mitosis
mitosis
[nom]

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

mitose, division cellulaire équationnelle

mitose, division cellulaire équationnelle

Ex: The cell cycle involves phases such as interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis, collectively contributing to mitosis. 

Le cycle cellulaire comprend des phases telles que l'interphase, la prophase, la métaphase, l'anaphase, la télophase et la cytokinèse, contribuant collectivement à la mitose.

endocrine

the system of glands and organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream, regulating various physiological functions and maintaining homeostasis

système endocrinien, endocrine

système endocrinien, endocrine

Ex: Hormones released by the endocrine system act as chemical messengers, influencing target cells and organs throughout the body. 

Les hormones libérées par le système endocrinien agissent comme des messagers chimiques, influençant les cellules et les organes cibles dans tout le corps.

exocrine

a gland that secretes substances, such as enzymes or mucus, through ducts that lead to the external environment or a body cavity, rather than directly into the bloodstream

exocrine, glande exocrine

exocrine, glande exocrine

Ex: The pancreas functions as both an endocrine and exocrine organ, releasing digestive enzymes into the small intestine through ducts. 

Le pancréas fonctionne à la fois comme un organe endocrine et exocrine, libérant des enzymes digestives dans l'intestin grêle par des canaux.

cortisol

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

cortisol

cortisol

Ex: Doctors sometimes prescribe cortisol to treat severe skin conditions. 

Les médecins prescrivent parfois du cortisol pour traiter les affections cutanées graves.

stimulus

something that causes or prompts a physical, psychological, or behavioral response

stimulant

stimulant

Ex: Researchers measured how quickly participants reacted to each visual stimulus. 
axon
axon
[nom]

(neuroanatomy) the long, single fiber of a nerve cell that carries electrical signals away from the cell body

axone,  cylindraxe

axone, cylindraxe

Ex: Damage to the axon often disrupts communication between the brain and muscles. 
vesicle
vesicle
[nom]

a small, membrane-bound sac within a cell, involved in the transport, storage, or release of substances

vésicule, vacuole

vésicule, vacuole

Ex: Synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters in nerve cells, releasing them into the synapse during nerve signal transmission. 

Les vésicules synaptiques stockent les neurotransmetteurs dans les cellules nerveuses, les libérant dans la synapse lors de la transmission du signal nerveux.

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