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Vocabular pentru IELTS Academic (Scor 6-7) - Biology

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte englezești legate de biologie care sunt necesare pentru examenul Academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
enzyme
[substantiv]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzimă, enzima

enzimă, enzima

Ex: The detergent enzymes that break down protein stains , such as blood and grass , on clothing .
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membrane
[substantiv]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

membrană, foaie subțire

membrană, foaie subțire

Ex: The blood-brain barrier is a membrane that protects the brain .
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tissue
[substantiv]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

țesut, tissue

țesut, tissue

Ex: Adipose tissue , commonly known as tissue, stores energy and cushions organs in the body .
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plasma
[substantiv]

(biology) the colorless liquid part of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended

plasmă, lichid plasmatic

plasmă, lichid plasmatic

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lipid
[substantiv]

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

lipid, lipidă

lipid, lipidă

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amino acid
[substantiv]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

aminocid, acid aminat

aminocid, acid aminat

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synapse
[substantiv]

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

sinapsă, sinapsă neurală

sinapsă, sinapsă neurală

Ex: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a phenomenon occurring at synapses, associated with the strengthening of synaptic connections and learning and memory.
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genotype
[substantiv]

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotip, structura genetică

genotip, structura genetică

Ex: In selective breeding , farmers aim to produce crops with specific desirable traits by manipulating genotype of plants .
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meiosis
[substantiv]

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

meioză, meză

meioză, meză

Ex: The phases meiosis include prophase I , metaphase I , anaphase I , telophase I , prophase II , metaphase II , anaphase II , and telophase II .
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mitosis
[substantiv]

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

mitoză, diviziune celulară

mitoză, diviziune celulară

Ex: Somatic cells mitosis, ensuring that each daughter cell retains the same genetic information as the parent cell .
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endocrine
[substantiv]

the system of glands and organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream, regulating various physiological functions and maintaining homeostasis

sistem endocrin, endocrin

sistem endocrin, endocrin

Ex: Disorders such as diabetes and hyperthyroidism can result from imbalances in the endocrine system, affecting overall health and well-being.
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exocrine
[substantiv]

a gland that secretes substances, such as enzymes or mucus, through ducts that lead to the external environment or a body cavity, rather than directly into the bloodstream

glandă exocrină, glandă secretorie exocrină

glandă exocrină, glandă secretorie exocrină

Ex: Mammary glands are exocrine glands that produce milk and release it through ducts during breastfeeding.
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cortisol
[substantiv]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

cortizol, hormon steroid

cortizol, hormon steroid

Ex: The medication cortisol to reduce inflammation and swelling .
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stimulus
[substantiv]

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

stimul, stimulus

stimul, stimulus

Ex: Teachers often use interactive and stimuli, like educational games or hands-on activities , to stimulate interest and enhance the learning experience in the classroom .
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axon
[substantiv]

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

axon, axonul

axon, axonul

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vesicle
[substantiv]

a small, membrane-bound sac within a cell, involved in the transport, storage, or release of substances

veziculă, vacuolă

veziculă, vacuolă

Ex: vesicles form when cells engulf external materials through processes like phagocytosis or pinocytosis , bringing them into the cell .
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