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Scienze Naturali SAT - Biologia

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi legate alla biologia, come "genus", "virion", "telophase", ecc. che ti serviranno per superare i tuoi SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
organism

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

organismo

organismo

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growth medium

a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms

mezzo di crescita

mezzo di crescita

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culture

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

cultura

cultura

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metabolic

relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life

metabolico

metabolico

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specimen

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

campione

campione

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genus

(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

genere

genere

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strain

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

deformazione

deformazione

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to secrete

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

secernere

secernere

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to excrete

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

espellere

espellere

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eukaryote

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

eucariote

eucariote

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asexual reproduction

a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism

riproduzione asessuata

riproduzione asessuata

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meiosis

a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction

meiosi

meiosi

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interphase

the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions

interfase

interfase

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prophase

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

profase

profase

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metaphase

the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells

metafase

metafase

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anaphase

the stage of cell division (mitosis or meiosis) where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

anafase

anafase

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telophase

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

telofase

telofase

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to biodegrade

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

biodegradare

biodegradare

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biomolecule

any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites

biomolecola

biomolecola

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biodiversity

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

biodiversità

biodiversità

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bioinformatics

a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data

bioinformatica

bioinformatica

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biocompatible

not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems

biocompatibile

biocompatibile

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biometrics

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

biometrica

biometrica

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microbiology

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

microbiologia

microbiologia

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physiologist

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

fisiologo

fisiologo

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ecology

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

ecologia

ecologia

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ecotourism

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

ecoturismo

ecoturismo

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biomimicry

an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems

biomimetica

biomimetica

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mucus

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

muco

muco

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virion

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

virione

virione

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conditioning

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

condizionata

condizionata

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nutrient

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

nutriente

nutriente

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gamete

a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes

gamete

gamete

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microbiome

the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment

microbioma

microbioma

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anthropogenic

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

antropogenico

antropogenico

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motility

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

motilità

motilità

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protist

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

protista

protista

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homologous

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

omologo

omologo

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bioluminescence

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

bioluminescenza

bioluminescenza

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hydroid

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

idroide

idroide

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transdifferentiation

the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type

transdifferenziazione

transdifferenziazione

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mycelium

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

micelio

micelio

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mutualist

describing an organism that engages in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

mutualista

mutualista

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commensal

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

Commensale

Commensale

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mycorrhiza

a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil

micorriza

micorriza

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to assimilate

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

assimilare

assimilare

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spore

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

spora

spora

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biomass

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

biomassa

biomassa

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taxonomy

the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics

tassonomia

tassonomia

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petri dish

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

piastra di Petri

piastra di Petri

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agar

a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods

agar

agar

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cosmology

the study of the beginning and characteristic of the universe

cosmologia

cosmologia

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virulent

extremely venomous and effective

virulento

virulento

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decomposition

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

decomposizione

decomposizione

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prokaryotic

describing organisms or cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with genetic material free-floating within the cell

procariotico

procariotico

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substrate

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

substrato

substrato

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excitatory

capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism

eccitatorio

eccitatorio

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fission yeast

a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism

lievito di fissione

lievito di fissione

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ameba

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

organismo unicellulare presente nell'acqua e nel suolo

organismo unicellulare presente nell'acqua e nel suolo

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adaptation

the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively

adattamento

adattamento

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