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a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own
生物
a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms
培養基, 成長培地
the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH
培養, 細胞培養
relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life
代謝の
a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category
標本, サンプル
(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family
属, グループ
a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species
系統, バリアント
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
分泌する, 生成する
to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat
排泄する, 分泌する
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
真核生物
a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism
無性生殖, 性的関与のない繁殖
a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes
減数分裂
the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions
インターフェース, インターフェーズ
the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division
前期
the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells
中期, メタフェーズ
the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers
後期
the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number
テロファーズ, テロファーズ I
to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi
生分解する, 生物的に分解される
any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites
生体分子, 生物分子
the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment
生物多様性
a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data
バイオインフォマティクス, 生物情報学
not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems
生体適合性の, バイオコンパチブル
a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations
生体認証, バイオメトリクス
the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms
微生物学
a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels
生理学者
the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other
生態学
tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature
エコツーリズム, 環境ツーリズム
an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems
バイオミミクリー, 自然の模倣
a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them
粘液, ムコ
a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate
ウイルス粒子, ウィリオン
the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations
条件付け, トレーニング
a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth
栄養素, 栄養成分
a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes
生殖細胞
the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment
マイクロバイオーム, マイクロバイオータ
refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence
人為的, 人間の影響による
the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia
運動性, モティリティ
a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments
原生生物
reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species
同相の, 相似の
the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage
生物発光
a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies
ヒドロイド
the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type
トランスデファレンシエーション, 細胞の転換
the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate
菌糸
(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction
相互主義の
describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
共生的な, 共生的
a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil
マイコリザ, マイコリザ群
(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells
同化する, 吸収する
a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions
胞子
the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water
バイオマス
the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics
分類学
a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms
ペトリ皿, ペトリディッシュ
a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods
アガー, ゼラチン状物質
the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem
分解, 腐敗
(of organisms or cells) lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with genetic material free-floating within the cell
原核の, プロカリオティック
the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds
基盤, 下地
capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism
興奮性の, 刺激性の
a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism
分裂酵母, フィッションイースト
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
アメーバ
the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively
適応
