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Ciencias Naturales SAT - Biology

Aquí aprenderá algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la biología, como "género", "virión", "telofase", etc., que necesitará para aprobar sus exámenes SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
organism
[Sustantivo]

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

organismo

organismo

growth medium
[Sustantivo]

a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms

medio de cultivo, sustrato de cultivo

medio de cultivo, sustrato de cultivo

Ex: growth medium provided all the nutrients needed for microbial growth .
culture
[Sustantivo]

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

cultivo, cultivo celular

cultivo, cultivo celular

Ex: culture is conducted to identify and study fungi responsible for diseases in plants and humans .
metabolic
[Adjetivo]

relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life

metabólico, metabólica

metabólico, metabólica

specimen
[Sustantivo]

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

espécimen

espécimen

genus
[Sustantivo]

(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

género

género

strain
[Sustantivo]

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

cepa, variedad

cepa, variedad

to secrete
[Verbo]

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

secretar

secretar

to excrete
[Verbo]

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

excretar, eliminar

excretar, eliminar

eukaryote
[Sustantivo]

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

eucarionte, eucariota

eucarionte, eucariota

Ex: Fungi , like mushrooms and molds , belong to eukaryote group due to their cellular structure .
meiosis
[Sustantivo]

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

meiosis, división celular reductora

meiosis, división celular reductora

prophase
[Sustantivo]

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

Profase, Fase premitótica

Profase, Fase premitótica

metaphase
[Sustantivo]

the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells

metafase, metafase mitótica

metafase, metafase mitótica

anaphase
[Sustantivo]

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

anafase, fase anafásica

anafase, fase anafásica

Ex: The separation of chromosomes anaphase is a critical step in maintaining genetic stability during cell division .
telophase
[Sustantivo]

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

telofase, telofase I

telofase, telofase I

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

biodegradar, descomponer de manera biológica

biodegradar, descomponer de manera biológica

biodiversity
[Sustantivo]

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

biodiversidad

biodiversidad

Ex: biodiversity in coral reefs is threatened by rising ocean temperatures and pollution .
biometrics
[Sustantivo]

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

biometría, biometría estadística

biometría, biometría estadística

microbiology
[Sustantivo]

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

microbiología, mikrobiología

microbiología, mikrobiología

physiologist
[Sustantivo]

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

fisiólogo, fisiologista

fisiólogo, fisiologista

ecology
[Sustantivo]

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

ecología

ecología

ecotourism
[Sustantivo]

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

ecoturismo

ecoturismo

Ex: The growing popularity ecotourism is helping to fund nature reserves around the world .
mucus
[Sustantivo]

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

moco

moco

virion
[Sustantivo]

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

virión, partícula viral

virión, partícula viral

conditioning
[Sustantivo]

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

condicionamiento, adiestramiento

condicionamiento, adiestramiento

nutrient
[Sustantivo]

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

nutriente, elemento nutritivo

nutriente, elemento nutritivo

Ex: Lack of nutrients can lead to health problems .
anthropogenic
[Adjetivo]

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

antropogénico, antropocénico

antropogénico, antropocénico

Ex: Anthropogenic influences on the environment can have long-lasting effects on ecosystems and wildlife .
motility
[Sustantivo]

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

motilidad, movilidad

motilidad, movilidad

protist
[Sustantivo]

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

protista, protozoo

protista, protozoo

homologous
[Adjetivo]

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

homólogo

homólogo

bioluminescence
[Sustantivo]

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

bioluminiscencia, bio-luminiscencia

bioluminiscencia, bio-luminiscencia

hydroid
[Sustantivo]

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

hidroide, hidroides

hidroide, hidroides

mycelium
[Sustantivo]

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

micelio, micelium

micelio, micelium

mutualist
[Adjetivo]

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

mutualista, mutualístico

mutualista, mutualístico

commensal
[Adjetivo]

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

comensal, comensalista

comensal, comensalista

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

asimilar, asumir

asimilar, asumir

Ex: The assimilated the organic matter from the decaying leaves .
spore
[Sustantivo]

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

esporo, espora

esporo, espora

Ex: The spore can survive extreme temperatures , making it a crucial survival mechanism for certain bacteria .
biomass
[Sustantivo]

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

biomasa, masa biológica

biomasa, masa biológica

taxonomy
[Sustantivo]

the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics

taxonomía, clasificación

taxonomía, clasificación

petri dish
[Sustantivo]

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

plato de Petri, caja de Petri

plato de Petri, caja de Petri

agar
[Sustantivo]

a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods

agar, agar-agar

agar, agar-agar

Ex: The scientist agar with nutrients to create a suitable growth medium for the yeast cells .
decomposition
[Sustantivo]

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

descomposición, degradación

descomposición, degradación

substrate
[Sustantivo]

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

sustrato, subtipo

sustrato, subtipo

ameba
[Sustantivo]

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

ameba, ameboide

ameba, ameboide

Ex: The pseudopodia of ameba allow it to move and capture food , such as bacteria and small particles .
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