Khoa Học Tự Nhiên SAT - Biology

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

sinh vật

a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms

môi trường nuôi cấy, môi trường phát triển

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

nuôi cấy, nuôi cấy tế bào

relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life

chuyển hóa

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

mẫu, đặc trưng

(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

chi, nhóm

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

chủng, biến thể

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

tiết ra, sản xuất

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

bài tiết, thải ra

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

sinh vật nhân thực

a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism

sinh sản vô tính, sinh sản không có giới tính

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

giảm phân

the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions

giai đoạn trung gian, giai đoạn giao thoa

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

kì đầu

the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells

kỳ giữa, giai đoạn giữa

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

kỳ sau

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

kỳ cuối, kỳ cuối I

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

phân huỷ sinh học, phân hủy bởi sinh vật

any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites

phân tử sinh học, phân tử sinh học lớn

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

đa dạng sinh học

a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data

tin sinh học, tin học sinh học

not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems

tương thích sinh học, tương hợp sinh học

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

sinh trắc, thuật toán sinh trắc

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

vi sinh vật học

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

sinh lý học

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

sinh thái

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

du lịch sinh thái, nhà dân sinh thái

an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems

biomimicry, sự bắt chước từ thiên nhiên

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

dịch nhầy, mồ hôi nhầy

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

virion, hạt virus

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

điều kiện hóa, huấn luyện

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

chất dinh dưỡng, nguyên tố dinh dưỡng

a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes

giao tử

the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment

vi sinh vật, hệ vi sinh vật

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

con người, do con người gây ra

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

độ di động, khả năng di chuyển

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

đơn bào

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

đồng dạng, tương tự

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

sinh quang

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

hydroid

the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type

quá trình chuyển đổi, biến hình tế bào

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

tấm mycelium

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

hợp tác

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

commensal, cộng sinh

a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil

nấm rễ, nấm rễ cộng sinh

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

hấp thụ, đồng hóa

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

bào tử

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

sinh khối

the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics

phân loại

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

đĩa Petri, chén Petri

a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods

agar, chất giống như jelly

the study of the beginning and characteristic of the universe

vũ trụ học

extremely venomous and effective

độc, độc hại

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

phân hủy, phân giải

(of organisms or cells) lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with genetic material free-floating within the cell

sinh vật nguyên sinh, prokaryotic

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

mặt nền, substrat

capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism

kích thích, điều tiết

a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism

nấm men phân chia, nấm men phân tán

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

ameba

the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively

thích nghi