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علوم طبیعی SAT - Biology

در اینجا شما برخی از کلمات انگلیسی مرتبط با زیست شناسی مانند "جنس"، "virion"، "telophase" و غیره را یاد خواهید گرفت که برای ACE SAT های خود به آنها نیاز خواهید داشت.

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شروع یادگیری
SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
organism
[اسم]

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

جاندار, اندامگان، موجود زنده، ارگانیسم

جاندار, اندامگان، موجود زنده، ارگانیسم

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a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms

رسانه رشد, محیط کشت

رسانه رشد, محیط کشت

Ex: growth medium provided all the nutrients needed for microbial growth .
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culture
[اسم]

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

پرورش, کشت

پرورش, کشت

Ex: culture is conducted to identify and study fungi responsible for diseases in plants and humans .
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metabolic
[صفت]

relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life

متابولیک, متابولیزم

متابولیک, متابولیزم

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specimen
[اسم]

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

نمونه, مدل

نمونه, مدل

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genus
[اسم]

(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

جنس (زیست‌شناسی)

جنس (زیست‌شناسی)

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strain
[اسم]

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

نوع, سویه

نوع, سویه

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to secrete
[فعل]

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

ترشح کردن

ترشح کردن

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to excrete
[فعل]

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

ترشح کردن, اخراج کردن

ترشح کردن, اخراج کردن

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eukaryote
[اسم]

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

یوکاریوت

یوکاریوت

Ex: Fungi , like mushrooms and molds , belong to eukaryote group due to their cellular structure .
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meiosis
[اسم]

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

میوز, میتوز جنسی

میوز, میتوز جنسی

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prophase
[اسم]

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

پروphase, پروتوفاز

پروphase, پروتوفاز

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metaphase
[اسم]

the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells

متافاز, مرحله متافاز

متافاز, مرحله متافاز

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anaphase
[اسم]

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

آنافاز, مرحله آنافاز

آنافاز, مرحله آنافاز

Ex: The separation of chromosomes anaphase is a critical step in maintaining genetic stability during cell division .
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telophase
[اسم]

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

تلوفاز, پایان‌فاز

تلوفاز, پایان‌فاز

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to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

زیست‌تجزیه شدن, زیست‌تجزیه کردن

زیست‌تجزیه شدن, زیست‌تجزیه کردن

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biodiversity
[اسم]

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

تنوع زیستی

تنوع زیستی

Ex: biodiversity in coral reefs is threatened by rising ocean temperatures and pollution .
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biometrics
[اسم]

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

زیست‌سنجی, بیوانفورماتیک

زیست‌سنجی, بیوانفورماتیک

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microbiology
[اسم]

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

زیست‌شناسی

زیست‌شناسی

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physiologist
[اسم]

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

فیزیولوژیست, زیست‌شناس

فیزیولوژیست, زیست‌شناس

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ecology
[اسم]

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

بوم‌شناسی, اکولوژی

بوم‌شناسی, اکولوژی

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ecotourism
[اسم]

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

طبیعت‌گردی, اکوتوریسم

طبیعت‌گردی, اکوتوریسم

Ex: The growing popularity ecotourism is helping to fund nature reserves around the world .
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mucus
[اسم]

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

خلط, مخاط

خلط, مخاط

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virion
[اسم]

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

ویریون, ذره ویروس

ویریون, ذره ویروس

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conditioning
[اسم]

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

شرایطیابی, کارکردیابی

شرایطیابی, کارکردیابی

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nutrient
[اسم]

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

ماده مغذی

ماده مغذی

Ex: Lack of nutrients can lead to health problems .
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refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

انسان‌ساخته, تأثیرات انسانی

انسان‌ساخته, تأثیرات انسانی

Ex: Anthropogenic influences on the environment can have long-lasting effects on ecosystems and wildlife .
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motility
[اسم]

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

تحرک, حرکت پذیری

تحرک, حرکت پذیری

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protist
[اسم]

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

پروتیست, جاندار یک‌سلولی

پروتیست, جاندار یک‌سلولی

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homologous
[صفت]

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

متشابه

متشابه

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the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

زیست‌نور, نورزیستی

زیست‌نور, نورزیستی

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hydroid
[اسم]

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

هیدرود, هیدروئید

هیدرود, هیدروئید

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mycelium
[اسم]

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

میسیلیوم, رشته‌زبه

میسیلیوم, رشته‌زبه

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mutualist
[صفت]

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

متقابل, همزیست

متقابل, همزیست

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commensal
[صفت]

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

همزیستی, تعلق به همزیستی

همزیستی, تعلق به همزیستی

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(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

جذب کردن, سازگار کردن

جذب کردن, سازگار کردن

Ex: The assimilated the organic matter from the decaying leaves .
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spore
[اسم]

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

اسپور, دانه قابل تکثیر

اسپور, دانه قابل تکثیر

Ex: The spore can survive extreme temperatures , making it a crucial survival mechanism for certain bacteria .
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biomass
[اسم]

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

زیست‌كتل (biomass), توده‌زیستی

زیست‌كتل (biomass), توده‌زیستی

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taxonomy
[اسم]

the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics

زیست‌نوشت‌شناسی, طبقه‌بندی

زیست‌نوشت‌شناسی, طبقه‌بندی

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petri dish
[اسم]

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

پتری دیش, پتری

پتری دیش, پتری

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agar
[اسم]

a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods

آگار, ژل آگار

آگار, ژل آگار

Ex: The scientist agar with nutrients to create a suitable growth medium for the yeast cells .
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the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

تجزیه, فاسد شدن

تجزیه, فاسد شدن

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substrate
[اسم]

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

زیرلایه, پایه

زیرلایه, پایه

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ameba
[اسم]

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

آمیب, موجودات تک‌سلولی

آمیب, موجودات تک‌سلولی

Ex: The pseudopodia of ameba allow it to move and capture food , such as bacteria and small particles .
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