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Doğa Bilimleri SAT - Biology

Burada SAT sınavlarında başarılı olmanız için ihtiyaç duyacağınız "genus", "virion", "telophase" vb. gibi biyolojiyle ilgili bazı İngilizce kelimeleri öğreneceksiniz.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
organism

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

canlı varlık

canlı varlık

[isim]
growth medium

a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms

büyüme ortamı

büyüme ortamı

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[isim]
culture

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

kültür

kültür

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[isim]
metabolic

relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life

metabolik

metabolik

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[sıfat]
specimen

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

örnek

örnek

[isim]
genus

(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

cins

cins

[isim]
strain

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

suş

suş

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[isim]
to secrete

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

salgılamak

salgılamak

[fiil]
to excrete

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

eksiya

eksiya

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[fiil]
eukaryote

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

ökarisite

ökarisite

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[isim]
asexual reproduction

a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism

eşeysiz üreme

eşeysiz üreme

[isim]
meiosis

a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction

mayoz

mayoz

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[isim]
interphase

the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions

interfaz

interfaz

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[isim]
prophase

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

profaz

profaz

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[isim]
metaphase

the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells

metafaz

metafaz

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[isim]
anaphase

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

anafaz

anafaz

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[isim]
telophase

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

telofaz

telofaz

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[isim]
to biodegrade

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

biyolojik olarak ayrışmak

biyolojik olarak ayrışmak

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[fiil]
biomolecule

any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites

biyomolekül

biyomolekül

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[isim]
biodiversity

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

biyolojik çeşitlilik

biyolojik çeşitlilik

[isim]
bioinformatics

a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data

biyoenformatik

biyoenformatik

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[isim]
biocompatible

not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems

biyouymalı

biyouymalı

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[sıfat]
biometrics

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

biyometri

biyometri

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[isim]
microbiology

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

mikrobiyoloji

mikrobiyoloji

[isim]
physiologist

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

fizyolog

fizyolog

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[isim]
ecology

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

çevrebilim

çevrebilim

[isim]
ecotourism

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

ekoturizm

ekoturizm

[isim]
biomimicry

an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems

biyomimetik

biyomimetik

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[isim]
mucus

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

sümük

sümük

[isim]
virion

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

viryon

viryon

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[isim]
conditioning

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

koşullama

koşullama

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[isim]
nutrient

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

besleyici madde

besleyici madde

[isim]
gamete

a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes

gamet

gamet

[isim]
microbiome

the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment

mikrobiyom

mikrobiyom

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[isim]
anthropogenic

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

antropojenik

antropojenik

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[sıfat]
motility

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

motilite

motilite

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[isim]
protist

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

protist

protist

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[isim]
homologous

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

türdeş

türdeş

[sıfat]
bioluminescence

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

biyolüminesans

biyolüminesans

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[isim]
hydroid

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

hidroid

hidroid

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[isim]
transdifferentiation

the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type

transdiferansiyasyon

transdiferansiyasyon

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[isim]
mycelium

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

miselyum

miselyum

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[isim]
mutualist

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

karşılıklı

karşılıklı

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[sıfat]
commensal

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

komensal

komensal

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[sıfat]
mycorrhiza

a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil

mikorizal

mikorizal

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[isim]
to assimilate

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

özümsemek

özümsemek

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[fiil]
spore

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

spor

spor

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[isim]
biomass

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

biyokütle

biyokütle

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[isim]
taxonomy

the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics

taksonomi

taksonomi

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[isim]
petri dish

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

petri kabı

petri kabı

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[isim]
agar

a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods

agar

agar

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[isim]
cosmology

the study of the beginning and characteristic of the universe

kozmos bilimi

kozmos bilimi

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[isim]
virulent

extremely venomous and effective

öldürücü

öldürücü

[sıfat]
decomposition

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

çürümek

çürümek

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[isim]
prokaryotic

(of organisms or cells) lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with genetic material free-floating within the cell

prokaryot

prokaryot

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[sıfat]
substrate

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

alt zemin

alt zemin

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[isim]
excitatory

capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism

heyecanlandırıcı

heyecanlandırıcı

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[sıfat]
fission yeast

a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism

bölünme mayası

bölünme mayası

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[isim]
ameba

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

ameba

ameba

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[isim]
adaptation

the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively

uyum

uyum

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[isim]
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