SAT Natural Sciences - Biology

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape