Ciências Naturais SAT - Biologia
Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês relacionadas à biologia, como "gênero", "virion", "telófase", etc., que você precisará para acertar seus SATs.
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a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own
coisa viva
a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms
Meio de crescimento
the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH
cultura
relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life
metabólico
a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category
amostra
(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family
gênero (biologia)
a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species
tensão
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
liberando uma substância semelhante a um líquido
to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat
excretar
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
eucarioto
a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism
reprodução assexuada
a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction
meiose
the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions
interfase
the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division
prófase
the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells
metáfase
the stage of cell division (mitosis or meiosis) where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers
anáfase
the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number
telófase
to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi
biodegradar
any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites
biomolécula
the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment
biodiversidade
a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data
bioinformática
not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems
Bio-compatível
a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations
biometria
the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms
microbiologia
a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels
fisiologista
the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other
ecologia
tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature
ecoturismo
an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems
biomimética
a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them
muco
a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate
virião
the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations
condicionamento
a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth
nutriente
a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes
gameta
the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment
microbioma
refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence
antropogênico
the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia
motilidade
a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments
protista
reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species
homólogo
the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage
bioluminescência
a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies
hidroide
the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type
transdiferenciação
the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate
micélio
describing an organism that engages in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction
mutualista
describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
comensal
a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil
micorriza
(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells
assimilar
a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions
esporo
the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water
biomassa
the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics
taxonomia
a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms
placa de Petri
a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods
ágar
the study of the beginning and characteristic of the universe
cosmologia
the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem
decomposição
describing organisms or cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with genetic material free-floating within the cell
procariótico
the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds
substrato
capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism
excitatório
a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism
levedura de fissão
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
organismo unicelular encontrado na água e no solo
the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively
adaptação