SAT Sciences Naturelles - Biology
Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la biologie, tels que « genre », « virion », « télophase », etc. dont vous aurez besoin pour réussir vos SAT.
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a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own
organisme
a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms
milieu de culture
the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH
culture
relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life
métabolique
a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category
échantillon
(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family
genre
a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species
souche
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
sécréter
to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat
excréter
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
eucaryote
a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism
reproduction asexuée
a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction
méiose
the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions
interphases
the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division
prophase
the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells
métaphase
the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers
anaphase
the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number
télophase
to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi
se biodégrader
any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites
biomolécule
the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment
biodiversité
a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data
bioinformatique
not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems
biocompatible
a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations
biométrie
the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms
microbiologie
a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels
physiologiste
the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other
écologie
tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature
écotourisme
an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems
biomimétisme
a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them
mucus
a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate
virion
the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations
conditionnement
a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth
nutriment
a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes
gamète
the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment
microbiome
refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence
anthropogène
the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia
motilité
a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments
protiste
reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species
homologue
the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage
bioluminescence
a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies
hydroïde
the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type
transdifférenciation
the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate
mycélium
(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction
mutualiste
describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
commensal
a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil
mycorhize
(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells
assimiler
a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions
spore
the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water
biomasse
the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics
taxonomie
a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms
boîte de Petri
a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods
agar
the study of the beginning and characteristic of the universe
cosmologie
the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem
décomposition
(of organisms or cells) lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with genetic material free-floating within the cell
procaryote
the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds
substrat
capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism
excitateur
a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism
levure à fission
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
amibe
the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively
adaptation