SAT 자연과학 - Biology

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

유기체

a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms

배양 배지

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

배양

relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life

대사성

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

표본

(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

속

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

균주

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

분비하다

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

배설하다

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

진핵생물

a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism

무성 생식

a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction

감수분열

the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions

인터페이스

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

전기

the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells

중기

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

아나페이스

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

텔로페이즈

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

미생물에 의해 분해되다

any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites

생체 분자

the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment

생물 다양성

a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data

생물정보학

not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems

생체 적합성의

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

생체 인식

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

미생물학

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

생리학자

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

생태학

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

에코투어리즘

an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems

생체 모방

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

점액

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

비리온

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

조건화

a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth

영양소

a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes

생식세포

the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment

미크로바이옴

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

인간 기원

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

운동성

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

원생생물

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

상동의

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

생물 발광

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

히드로이드

the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type

전이 분화

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

균사

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

공생의

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

공생의

a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil

균근

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

동화하다

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

포자

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

바이오매스

the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics

분류학

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

페트리 접시

a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods

한천

the study of the beginning and characteristic of the universe

우주론

extremely venomous and effective

독성의

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

분해

(of organisms or cells) lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, with genetic material free-floating within the cell

원핵의

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

기질

capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism

억제하지 않는

a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism

분열 효모

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

아메바

the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively

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