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犯罪と処罰 - 調査と法医学

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Words Related to Crime and Punishment
backup
backup
[名詞]

the act of providing assistance or support to someone or something

援軍, 支援

援軍, 支援

Ex: The soldier was relieved to see backup arrive just in time. 

兵士は、援軍がちょうど間に合うのを見て安心した。

composite sketch

a drawing of a person, usually a suspect, made by combining descriptions from witnesses

モンタージュ, 合成スケッチ

モンタージュ, 合成スケッチ

Ex: The police showed a composite sketch. 

警察は コンポジットスケッチ を示した。

clue
clue
[名詞]

a sign, fact, or piece of information that helps someone discover the answer to a problem, mystery, or question

手がかり

手がかり

Ex: Detectives found a fingerprint that provided a valuable clue in the investigation. 
cold case
cold case
[名詞]

a criminal investigation that has remained unsolved for a significant period and lacks recent investigative leads

未解決事件, コールドケース

未解決事件, コールドケース

Ex: The detective was assigned to the cold case unit, focusing on unsolved crimes that had gone inactive for years. 

その探偵はコールドケースユニットに配属され、何年も活動していない未解決の犯罪に焦点を当てました。

circumstantial
circumstantial
[形容詞]

based on indirect evidence rather than direct proof

状況証拠の, 間接的な

状況証拠の, 間接的な

Ex: The case against him is circumstantial. 

彼に対する事件は 状況証拠に基づく ものです。

manhunt
manhunt
[名詞]

an organized search by police for a person wanted for a crime

人間狩り, 警察の捜索

人間狩り, 警察の捜索

Ex: The police launched a manhunt for the suspect. 

警察は容疑者のために人間狩りを開始しました。

lie detector
lie detector
[名詞]

a machine that measures bodily changes to see if someone might be lying

嘘発見器, ポリグラフ

嘘発見器, ポリグラフ

Ex: He was asked to take a lie detector test. 

彼は嘘発見器のテストを受けるように求められた。

line-up
line-up
[名詞]

a group of people standing next to each other so a witness can try to identify a criminal suspect

識別パレード, 容疑者の列

識別パレード, 容疑者の列

Ex: The man stood in a line-up. 

その男性は識別列に立っていた。

mystery
mystery
[名詞]

something that cannot be understood or explained because important facts are unknown

謎,  神秘

謎, 神秘

Ex: The cause of the strange noise remains a mystery. 
open-and-shut case

a case that is very clear and easy to prove because there is strong evidence

Ex: The police said it was an open-and-shut case. 
polygraph
polygraph
[名詞]

a machine that measures and records bodily functions like pulse, blood pressure, breathing, and sweating

ポリグラフ, 嘘発見器

ポリグラフ, 嘘発見器

Ex: The suspect was connected to a polygraph. 

容疑者はポリグラフに接続されていました。

person of interest

a person the police think may be connected to a crime but who has not been arrested

Ex: The police talked to a person of interest. 
security risk

a person who may be dangerous to a country or organization, especially if trusted with secret information

安全保障上のリスク, 安全保障上の脅威

安全保障上のリスク, 安全保障上の脅威

Ex: They said he was a security risk. 

彼らは彼がセキュリティリスクだと言った。

customs
customs
[名詞]

the place at an airport or port where passengers' bags are checked for illegal goods as they enter a country

税関, 税関検査

税関, 税関検査

Ex: They passed through customs quickly, as they had nothing to declare. 

彼らは申告するものが何もなかったので、すぐに税関を通りました。

to solve
to solve
[動詞]

to find an answer or solution to a question or problem

解決する, 解く

解決する, 解く

Ex: The team collaborated to solve the technical issues with the website. 
stake-out
stake-out
[名詞]

a situation in which police secretly watch a place to observe someone or find evidence of a crime

監視, 張り込み

監視, 張り込み

Ex: The police waited outside during the stake-out. 

警察は張り込みの間、外で待機していた。

to stake out
to stake out
[動詞]

to watch a building continuously, usually by police or reporters, to see who goes in or out

継続的に張り込む, 出入りする人を見るため建物を張り込む

継続的に張り込む, 出入りする人を見るため建物を張り込む

Ex: The journalist planned to stake the politician's residence out to find out who was entering or leaving. 

ジャーナリストは、誰が出入りしているかを調べるために政治家の住居を張り込む計画を立てた。

surveillance
surveillance
[名詞]

the act of monitoring a person or place, especially by the police

監視, 見張り

監視, 見張り

Ex: The police increased surveillance in the neighborhood after a series of burglaries. 

警察は一連の強盗事件の後、地域の監視を強化しました。

to suspect
to suspect
[動詞]

to think that someone may have committed a crime, without having proof

疑う,  不審に思う

疑う, 不審に思う

Ex: They suspect the employee of taking money from the cash register. 
private detective

a person who is hired to investigate crimes or personal matters, but is not a police officer

私立探偵, プライベート探偵

私立探偵, プライベート探偵

Ex: She hired a private detective to find her missing cat. 

彼女は行方不明の猫を見つけるために私立探偵を雇った。

vigilante
vigilante
[名詞]

an individual or group of individuals who take the law into their own hands, acting outside the legal system to enforce their version of justice or address perceived wrongs

自警団員, 自警主義者

自警団員, 自警主義者

Ex: In the absence of effective law enforcement, some residents formed a vigilante group to combat rising crime in their neighborhood. 

効果的な法執行がないため、一部の住民は地域で増加する犯罪に対抗するために自警団を結成しました。

vigilantism
vigilantism
[名詞]

the act of taking the law into your own hands instead of relying on the police

自警行為, 私的制裁

自警行為, 私的制裁

Ex: The town faced problems because of vigilantism. 

町は 自警行為 のために問題に直面しました。

wanted
wanted
[形容詞]

actively sought by law enforcement due to involvement in criminal activity

指名手配, 逃亡中

指名手配, 逃亡中

Ex: After the daring robbery, the suspect was labeled wanted and became a headline in the news. 

大胆な強盗の後、容疑者は指名手配とラベル付けされ、ニュースの見出しになりました。

watchlist
watchlist
[名詞]

a list of people or groups that authorities watch closely because they may be dangerous

監視リスト, ウォッチリスト

監視リスト, ウォッチリスト

Ex: His name is on the watch list. 

彼の名前は監視リストに載っています。

eyewitness
eyewitness
[名詞]

someone who has personally seen of an object, event, etc. and can describe it

目撃者, 証人

目撃者, 証人

Ex: The police interviewed the eyewitness to gather details about the robbery. 

警察は強盗についての詳細を集めるために目撃者にインタビューしました。

alibi
alibi
[名詞]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

アリバイ

アリバイ

Ex: The suspect's alibi placed him at a restaurant with friends at the time of the crime. 

容疑者のアリバイは、犯罪の時に彼を友人とレストランにいたと位置づけていた。

autopsy
autopsy
[名詞]

an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death

解剖, 死後検査

解剖, 死後検査

Ex: Autopsies are crucial for investigating and determining the cause of death. 

死因を調査し特定するために剖検は不可欠です。

body
body
[名詞]

a dead person's physical frame

死体, 遺体

死体, 遺体

Ex: The family gathered to say their final goodbyes before the body was taken to the cemetery. 
crime scene
crime scene
[名詞]

the place where a crime happened and where police look for evidence

犯罪現場, 犯行現場

犯罪現場, 犯行現場

Ex: The police went to the crime scene. 

警察は犯罪現場に行きました。

forensic
forensic
[形容詞]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

法医学の, 犯罪科学の

法医学の, 犯罪科学の

Ex: The forensic team collected DNA, fingerprint, and fiber evidence from the crime scene. 

法科学チームは犯罪現場からDNA、指紋、繊維の証拠を収集しました。

forensics
forensics
[名詞]

the scientific techniques that help police solve crimes

法科学, フォレンジック

法科学, フォレンジック

Ex: She majored in forensics science in college in hopes of becoming a crime scene investigator. 

彼女は大学で法科学を専攻し、犯罪現場調査官になることを望んでいました。

fingerprint
fingerprint
[名詞]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

指紋, 指の跡

指紋, 指の跡

Ex: Detectives found a clear fingerprint on the window sill, leading to the identification of the burglar. 

刑事たちは窓枠にはっきりとした指紋を見つけ、それが強盗の身元特定につながった。

evidence
evidence
[名詞]

a statement, document, or object that is used in a law court for establishing facts

証拠,  証言

証拠, 証言

Ex: DNA evidence recovered from the victim's clothing helped to identify the criminal and secure a conviction. 
exhibit
exhibit
[名詞]

an object, document, photograph, or other item formally presented as evidence in a legal proceeding

証拠品,  立証物

証拠品, 立証物

Ex: The photograph was entered into evidence as Exhibit A. 
to strip-search

to search a person by having them remove their clothes to check for hidden items

裸で身体検査する, 服を脱がせて検査する

裸で身体検査する, 服を脱がせて検査する

Ex: The police strip-searched the suspect. 

警察は容疑者を 裸にして身体検査 した。

crime lab
crime lab
[名詞]

a place where police examine physical evidence from crimes

犯罪科学研究所, 犯罪鑑識ラボ

犯罪科学研究所, 犯罪鑑識ラボ

Ex: The evidence was sent to the crime lab. 

証拠は 犯罪研究所 に送られました。

criminology
criminology
[名詞]

the study of crimes, criminals, and how crime can be prevented

犯罪学, 犯罪の研究

犯罪学, 犯罪の研究

Ex: She is studying criminology at university. 

彼女は大学で犯罪学を勉強しています。

postmortem
postmortem
[名詞]

an examination of a dead body to establish the cause of death or identify effects of disease

検死, 死後検査

検死, 死後検査

Ex: The coroner ordered a postmortem to determine the cause of death. 
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