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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア8-9) - Punishment

ここでは、アカデミックIELTS試験に必要な、罰に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
gas chamber
[名詞]

a sealed room or chamber where poisonous gas is introduced to execute condemned individuals, typically used as a method of capital punishment

ガス室, 毒ガス室

ガス室, 毒ガス室

Ex: Witness testimonies shed light on the harrowing experiences of those who were subjected to the gas chamber in the past .証人の証言は、過去に **ガス室** にさらされた人々の悲惨な経験に光を当てています。
to stone
[動詞]

to execute or punish someone by throwing stones at them

石打ちにする, 石投げで処刑する

石打ちにする, 石投げで処刑する

Ex: The harsh societal norms mandated that anyone found practicing forbidden rituals would be stoned as a warning to others .厳しい社会規範では、禁止された儀式を行っているのを見つかった者は、他の者への警告として**石打ち**に処せられると定められていた。
to mutilate
[動詞]

to cause severe damage or harm

切断する, 損傷を与える

切断する, 損傷を与える

Ex: The soldiers found animals mutilated in the deserted village .兵士たちは廃村で**切断された**動物を見つけた。

to confine someone in prison or a similar facility due to legal reasons or as a form of punishment

投獄する,  収監する

投獄する, 収監する

Ex: The judge may choose to incarcerate someone convicted of repeated offenses to protect the community .裁判官は、社会を守るために、繰り返し犯罪を犯したと有罪判決を受けた人を**投獄する**ことを選ぶかもしれません。
to forfeit
[動詞]

to no longer be able to access a right, property, privilege, etc. as a result of violating a law or a punishment for doing something wrong

失う, 没収する

失う, 没収する

Ex: Failure to comply with regulations may lead businesses to forfeit their operating permits .規制に違反すると、企業は営業許可を**失う**可能性があります。
to retaliate
[動詞]

to make a counterattack or respond in a similar manner

報復する, 仕返しをする

報復する, 仕返しをする

Ex: The organization decided to retaliate hacking attempts by counterattacking the source .組織は、ソースを反撃することでハッキングの試みに**報復**することを決めた。
to flog
[動詞]

to beat someone harshly using a rod or whip

鞭打つ, 打ち据える

鞭打つ, 打ち据える

Ex: The strict teacher warned that he would flog any student caught cheating .厳しい教師は、カンニングをしているところを見つけた生徒を**鞭打つ**と警告した。

the physical punishment of people, especially of children or convicts

体罰, 身体的罰

体罰, 身体的罰

Ex: The debate over corporal punishment often centers on the balance between parental rights and the well-being of children .**体罰**に関する議論は、多くの場合、親の権利と子供の幸福のバランスを中心に展開します。

the practice of isolating a prisoner in a small, often windowless cell, with minimal human contact or environmental stimulation, as a form of punishment or for security reasons

独房監禁, 隔離

独房監禁, 隔離

Ex: Some prison systems have implemented alternatives to solitary confinement, recognizing its potential negative effects on rehabilitation .一部の刑務所システムは、**独房監禁**への代替手段を実施しており、リハビリテーションへの潜在的な悪影響を認識しています。
guillotine
[名詞]

a device for beheading, featuring a tall frame with a suspended blade released to swiftly sever the condemned person's head

ギロチン

ギロチン

Ex: The guillotine was dismantled and abolished in many countries as a more humane approach to capital punishment was adopted .多くの国で**ギロチン**は分解され廃止されました、より人道的な死刑のアプローチが採用されたためです。
retribution
[名詞]

a severe punishment for a serious crime that someone has committed

報復, 懲罰

報復, 懲罰

Ex: The concept of retribution raises questions about the appropriate balance between punishment and rehabilitation in addressing criminal behavior .**報復**の概念は、犯罪行為に対処する際の罰と更生の適切なバランスについて疑問を投げかけます。
restitution
[名詞]

a monetary amount paid to someone as compensation for loss, damage, or injury caused by someone else's wrongdoing, criminal behavior, or negligence

賠償, 返還

賠償, 返還

Ex: After pleading guilty , part of the hacker 's sentence included restitution of $ 100,000 to the company they had stolen credit cards from .有罪を認めた後、ハッカーの判決の一部には、クレジットカードを盗んだ企業への10万ドルの**賠償**が含まれていました。
warden
[名詞]

the official in charge of a prison or correctional facility, responsible for overseeing the administration, security, and well-being of inmates

刑務所長, 看守長

刑務所長, 看守長

Ex: The warden played a crucial role in coordinating with law enforcement agencies to address security issues both within and outside the prison .**刑務所長**は、刑務所内外のセキュリティ問題に対処するために法執行機関と調整する上で重要な役割を果たしました。
committal
[名詞]

the formal act of sending a person to a mental health facility, prison, or similar institution, often following legal proceedings

関与, 収容

関与, 収容

Ex: The committal proceedings were marked by emotional testimony as family members pleaded for leniency in sentencing.**コミットメント**手続きは、家族が量刑において寛大さを求める感情的な証言で特徴づけられました。
detention
[名詞]

a type of punishment for students who have done something wrong and as a result, they cannot go home at the same time as others

罰, 拘禁

罰, 拘禁

Ex: Detention is often used as a disciplinary measure to deter students from breaking school rules .**居残り**は、生徒が校則を破るのを防ぐための懲戒処分としてよく使われます。
firing squad
[名詞]

a group of individuals, typically soldiers or law enforcement officers, designated to carry out a military or legal execution by firing bullets at a condemned person simultaneously

銃殺隊, 処刑射撃隊

銃殺隊, 処刑射撃隊

Ex: International human rights organizations have condemned the use of firing squads, arguing that it constitutes a cruel and inhumane method of execution .国際人権団体は、**銃殺隊**の使用を非難し、それは残酷で非人道的な処刑方法であると主張しています。
to parole
[動詞]

to release a prisoner before the completion of their sentence, subject to certain conditions and under the supervision of a parole officer

仮釈放する

仮釈放する

Ex: In some cases , the court may parole an individual convicted of a nonviolent crime to alleviate prison overcrowding and focus on rehabilitation .場合によっては、裁判所は、刑務所の過密状態を緩和し、更生に焦点を当てるために、非暴力犯罪で有罪判決を受けた個人を**仮釈放**することがあります。
to lynch
[動詞]

to kill someone without legal approval

リンチする, 裁判なしで殺す

リンチする, 裁判なしで殺す

Ex: The community , frustrated with the lack of justice , took matters into their own hands to lynch the criminal .正義の欠如に不満を感じたコミュニティは、犯罪者を**リンチする**ために事を自分たちの手に委ねた。

to officially take away something from someone, usually as punishment

没収する, 押収する

没収する, 押収する

Ex: By the end of the day , the teacher will have hopefully confiscated any unauthorized items .その日の終わりまでに、教師は無許可の物品をすべて**没収**していることを願います。
reprieve
[名詞]

a temporary postponement or cancellation of a punishment

延期,  猶予

延期, 猶予

Ex: The humanitarian reprieve extended to a terminally ill inmate allowed for compassionate release from prison to spend their final days with family .末期の囚人に与えられた人道的**猶予**は、家族と最後の日々を過ごすための情状酌量の余地のある釈放を可能にしました。
executioner
[名詞]

‌a person, especially an official, whose role or job is to kill convicted people as a means of punishment

処刑人, 死刑執行人

処刑人, 死刑執行人

Ex: The executioner faced criticism and moral dilemmas regarding the ethical implications of their profession .**死刑執行人**は、その職業の倫理的影響について批判と道徳的ジレンマに直面した。
IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア8-9)
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