IELTS学术词汇 (分数8-9) - Punishment

在这里，你将学习一些与惩罚相关的英语单词，这些单词是学术雅思考试所必需的。

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gas chamber

[名词]

a sealed room or chamber where poisonous gas is introduced to execute condemned individuals, typically used as a method of capital punishment

毒气室, 气体室

Ex: Witness testimonies shed light on the harrowing experiences of those who were subjected to the gas chamber in the past .目击者的证词揭示了那些在过去被关进**毒气室**的人的痛苦经历。

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to stone

[动词]

to execute or punish someone by throwing stones at them

用石头砸死, 石刑处决

Ex: The harsh societal norms mandated that anyone found practicing forbidden rituals would be stoned as a warning to others .严厉的社会规范规定，任何被发现进行禁忌仪式的人都将被**用石头砸死**，以警告他人。

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to mutilate

[动词]

to cause severe damage or harm

使残废, 严重损坏

Ex: The soldiers found animals mutilated in the deserted village .士兵们在荒废的村庄里发现了被**残害**的动物。

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to incarcerate

[动词]

to confine someone in prison or a similar facility due to legal reasons or as a form of punishment

监禁, 关押

Ex: The judge may choose to incarcerate someone convicted of repeated offenses to protect the community .法官可能会选择**监禁**那些因屡次犯罪而被定罪的人以保护社区。

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to forfeit

[动词]

to no longer be able to access a right, property, privilege, etc. as a result of violating a law or a punishment for doing something wrong

丧失, 没收

Ex: Failure to comply with regulations may lead businesses to forfeit their operating permits .不遵守法规可能会导致企业**丧失**其经营许可证。

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to retaliate

[动词]

to make a counterattack or respond in a similar manner

报复, 反击

Ex: The organization decided to retaliate hacking attempts by counterattacking the source .该组织决定通过反击源头来**报复**黑客攻击的企图。

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to flog

[动词]

to beat someone harshly using a rod or whip

鞭打, 抽打

Ex: The strict teacher warned that he would flog any student caught cheating .严格的老师警告说，他会**鞭打**任何被抓到作弊的学生。

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corporal punishment

[名词]

the physical punishment of people, especially of children or convicts

体罚, 身体惩罚

Ex: The debate over corporal punishment often centers on the balance between parental rights and the well-being of children .关于**体罚**的辩论往往集中在父母权利与儿童福祉之间的平衡上。

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solitary confinement

[名词]

the practice of isolating a prisoner in a small, often windowless cell, with minimal human contact or environmental stimulation, as a form of punishment or for security reasons

单独监禁, 隔离

Ex: Some prison systems have implemented alternatives to solitary confinement, recognizing its potential negative effects on rehabilitation .一些监狱系统已经实施了**单独监禁**的替代方案，认识到其对康复的潜在负面影响。

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guillotine

[名词]

a device for beheading, featuring a tall frame with a suspended blade released to swiftly sever the condemned person's head

断头台

Ex: The guillotine was dismantled and abolished in many countries as a more humane approach to capital punishment was adopted .随着采用更人道的死刑方法，**断头台**在许多国家被拆除和废除。

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retribution

[名词]

a severe punishment for a serious crime that someone has committed

惩罚, 报应

Ex: The concept of retribution raises questions about the appropriate balance between punishment and rehabilitation in addressing criminal behavior .**报应**的概念引发了关于在解决犯罪行为时惩罚与康复之间适当平衡的问题。

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restitution

[名词]

a monetary amount paid to someone as compensation for loss, damage, or injury caused by someone else's wrongdoing, criminal behavior, or negligence

赔偿, 归还

Ex: After pleading guilty , part of the hacker 's sentence included restitution of $ 100,000 to the company they had stolen credit cards from .在认罪后，黑客的部分判决包括向被窃取信用卡的公司支付10万美元的**赔偿**。

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warden

[名词]

the official in charge of a prison or correctional facility, responsible for overseeing the administration, security, and well-being of inmates

监狱长, 看守长

Ex: The warden played a crucial role in coordinating with law enforcement agencies to address security issues both within and outside the prison .**监狱长**在协调执法机构解决监狱内外的安全问题方面发挥了关键作用。

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committal

[名词]

the formal act of sending a person to a mental health facility, prison, or similar institution, often following legal proceedings

承诺, 收押

Ex: The committal proceedings were marked by emotional testimony as family members pleaded for leniency in sentencing.**收押**程序以感人的证词为标志，家属在量刑时恳求宽大处理。

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detention

[名词]

a type of punishment for students who have done something wrong and as a result, they cannot go home at the same time as others

惩罚, 拘留

Ex: Detention is often used as a disciplinary measure to deter students from breaking school rules .**留校**常被用作一种纪律措施，以阻止学生违反校规。

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firing squad

[名词]

a group of individuals, typically soldiers or law enforcement officers, designated to carry out a military or legal execution by firing bullets at a condemned person simultaneously

行刑队, 枪决队

Ex: International human rights organizations have condemned the use of firing squads, arguing that it constitutes a cruel and inhumane method of execution .国际人权组织谴责了**行刑队**的使用，认为这是一种残酷和不人道的处决方法。

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to parole

[动词]

to release a prisoner before the completion of their sentence, subject to certain conditions and under the supervision of a parole officer

假释

Ex: In some cases , the court may parole an individual convicted of a nonviolent crime to alleviate prison overcrowding and focus on rehabilitation .在某些情况下，法院可能会**假释**一名被判非暴力犯罪的个人，以缓解监狱过度拥挤并专注于康复。

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to lynch

[动词]

to kill someone without legal approval

私刑处死, 未经法律批准杀害

Ex: The community , frustrated with the lack of justice , took matters into their own hands to lynch the criminal .社区对缺乏正义感到沮丧，便自行采取行动**私刑处死**了罪犯。

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to confiscate

[动词]

to officially take away something from someone, usually as punishment

没收, 充公

Ex: By the end of the day , the teacher will have hopefully confiscated any unauthorized items .到一天结束时，老师希望已经**没收**了任何未经授权的物品。

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reprieve

[名词]

a temporary postponement or cancellation of a punishment

缓刑, 暂缓

Ex: The humanitarian reprieve extended to a terminally ill inmate allowed for compassionate release from prison to spend their final days with family .对一名绝症囚犯的人道**缓刑**允许出于同情从监狱释放，以便与家人共度最后的日子。

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executioner

[名词]

‌a person, especially an official, whose role or job is to kill convicted people as a means of punishment

刽子手, 行刑者

Ex: The executioner faced criticism and moral dilemmas regarding the ethical implications of their profession .**刽子手**面临着关于其职业伦理影响的批评和道德困境。

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IELTS学术词汇 (分数8-9)

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IELTS学术词汇 (分数8-9) - Punishment