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IELTS のための語彙 (アカデミック) - 地理学

ここでは、IELTS試験に必要な「南極」、「東部」、「高地」などの地理に関するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Words for Academic IELTS
ashore
ashore
[副詞]

toward the land from the direction of a ship or the sea

岸へ, 陸に向かって

岸へ, 陸に向かって

Ex: The fishermen rowed their boats ashore at sunset. 

漁師たちは日没時にボートを岸に漕いだ。

Antarctic
Antarctic
[名詞]

the extremely cold region surrounding the South Pole

南極, 南極点

南極, 南極点

Ex: Penguins live in the Antarctic. 

ペンギンは南極に住んでいます。

Arctic
Arctic
[名詞]

the northernmost regions of the Earth, located above the Arctic Circle around the North Pole

北極, 北極地域

北極, 北極地域

Ex: Polar bears are native to the Arctic. 

ホッキョクグマは北極原産です。

bank
bank
[名詞]

land along the sides of a river, canal, etc.

岸, 川岸

岸, 川岸

Ex: The trees on the bank provided much-needed shade for the hikers resting by the river. 
bend
bend
[名詞]

a curve in a road, river, etc.

カーブ, 曲がり角

カーブ, 曲がり角

Ex: The river took a meandering bend through the picturesque valley. 
coastline
coastline
[名詞]

the boundary between land and water, particularly as seen on a map or from above

海岸線, 海岸

海岸線, 海岸

Ex: The rugged coastline stretched for miles. 

険しい 海岸線が何マイルも続いていた。

eastern
eastern
[形容詞]

situated in the east

東の, 東部の

東の, 東部の

Ex: The eastern border of the country is marked by a river. 

国の東部の境界は川で示されています。

western
western
[形容詞]

positioned in the direction of the west

西の

西の

Ex: They live in a small village on the western edge of the country. 
northern
northern
[形容詞]

positioned in the direction of the north

北の, 北方の

北の, 北方の

Ex: The northern border of the state is marked by a river. 
southern
southern
[形容詞]

located in the direction of the south

南の, 南方の

南の, 南方の

Ex: They traveled to a southern city famous for its vibrant festivals and culture. 

彼らは活気ある祭りと文化で有名な南部の都市へ旅行しました。

geographical
geographical
[形容詞]

related to the study or characteristics of the Earth's surface, including its features, landscapes, and locations

地理的な, 地理学に関連する

地理的な, 地理学に関連する

Ex: Geographical maps provide visual representations of landforms, bodies of water, and human settlements. 

地理的な地図は、地形、水域、人間の居住地の視覚的表現を提供します。

port
port
[名詞]

a city or town that has a harbor where ships can be loaded or unloaded

港

港

Ex: Dockworkers at the port worked tirelessly to unload the cargo. 
woodland
woodland
[名詞]

land covered with many trees, especially an area smaller or less dense than a typical forest

森林,  森

森林, 森

Ex: Deer are common in the woodland surrounding the village. 
canyon
canyon
[名詞]

a valley that is deep and has very steep sides, through which a river is flowing usually

峡谷, 渓谷

峡谷, 渓谷

Ex: A river runs through the narrow canyon. 

川が狭い峡谷を流れています。

equator
equator
[名詞]

a hypothetical line around the Earth that divides it into Northern and Southern hemispheres

赤道, 赤道線

赤道, 赤道線

Ex: The sun is very strong near the equator. 

太陽は赤道の近くで非常に強いです。

formation
formation
[名詞]

(geology) a body of rock with a particular set of characteristics that make it distinct from the surrounding land

層

層

Ex: The canyon exposes several layers of the same rock formation. 
highland
highland
[名詞]

land with mountains or hills

高地, 山岳地帯

高地, 山岳地帯

Ex: Highlands are often characterized by their cooler climates and unique flora and fauna adapted to higher elevations. 

高地は、より涼しい気候と、より高い高度に適応した独特の動植物によって特徴付けられることが多い。

glacier
glacier
[名詞]

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

氷河, 永久氷

氷河, 永久氷

Ex: Scientists study glaciers to understand the effects of climate change on ice melt and sea-level rise. 

科学者たちは、気候変動が氷の融解と海面上昇に及ぼす影響を理解するために氷河を研究しています。

freshwater
freshwater
[名詞]

water that does not contain salt and is suitable for consumption

淡水, 塩分を含まない水

淡水, 塩分を含まない水

reef
reef
[名詞]

a ridge of rock or a line of sand near the surface of a body of water

礁, 珊瑚礁

礁, 珊瑚礁

Ex: The boat sailed carefully to avoid hitting the reef. 

ボートは岩礁にぶつからないように注意深く航行した。

seabed
seabed
[名詞]

the ground at the bottom of the sea or the floor of the ocean

海底, 海洋底

海底, 海洋底

waterway
waterway
[名詞]

a river, canal, etc. that boats can navigate through

水路, 航行可能な水路

水路, 航行可能な水路

zone
zone
[名詞]

an area on the Earth's surface defined by particular coordinates or boundaries

ゾーン, 地域

ゾーン, 地域

Ex: Each time zone has a different local hour. 
tropical
tropical
[形容詞]

of, relating to, or characteristic of the hot regions around the equator

熱帯の,  トロピカル

熱帯の, トロピカル

Ex: Tropical forests support an enormous variety of plant and animal life. 
stream
stream
[名詞]

a small and narrow river that runs on or under the earth

小川, 流れ

小川, 流れ

Ex: She washed her hands in the cold stream after the long walk. 
horizon
horizon
[名詞]

the apparent line in the distance where the sky seems to meet the land or sea

地平線,  水平線

地平線, 水平線

Ex: The sun disappeared below the horizon just after six o'clock. 
gulf
gulf
[名詞]

an area of sea that is partly surrounded by land, with a narrow opening

湾, 入り江

湾, 入り江

Ex: The gulf stream affects the climate of much of Western Europe. 
latitude
latitude
[名詞]

an imaginary horizontal circle around the Earth parallel to the equator, used to measure north-south position

緯度, 緯線

緯度, 緯線

Ex: The explorer recorded the latitude of the new settlement. 

探検家は新しい集落の緯度を記録した。

longitude
longitude
[名詞]

the distance of a point east or west of the meridian at Greenwich that is measured in degrees

経度, 子午線

経度, 子午線

Ex: Longitude measures how far east or west a point is from the Prime Meridian. 

経度は、ある地点が本初子午線から東または西にどれだけ離れているかを測定します。

mountain top
mountain top
[名詞]

the top or the summit of a mountain

山頂, 山の頂上

山頂, 山の頂上

Ex: The mountaintop provided an unobstructed view of the entire valley below. 

山頂は下の谷全体の遮るもののない景色を提供した。

Arctic
Arctic
[形容詞]

belonging or related to the region around the North Pole

北極の, 極地の

北極の, 極地の

Ex: The Arctic climate is characterized by extreme cold temperatures and ice. 

北極の気候は、極寒の気温と氷が特徴です。

genetically modified

having had an altered genetic structure in order to serve a particular purpose, such as being more resistant to disease, bearing more fruit, etc.

遺伝子組み換えの,  遺伝的に改変された

遺伝子組み換えの, 遺伝的に改変された

Ex: GM crops are designed to resist pests and improve yields. 

遺伝子組み換え作物は、害虫に抵抗し、収量を改善するように設計されています。

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