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Vocabulary for IELTS (Academic) - Geography

Here you will learn some English words about geography, such as "Antarctic", "eastern", "highland", etc. that are needed for the IELTS exam.

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Words for Academic IELTS
ashore
ashore
[Adverb]

toward the land from the direction of a ship or the sea

Ex: The lifeguard helped the swimmer safely ashore.
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Antarctic
Antarctic
[noun]

the extremely cold region surrounding the South Pole

Ex: Harsh winds sweep across the Antarctic plateau.
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Arctic
Arctic
[noun]

the northernmost regions of the Earth, located above the Arctic Circle around the North Pole

Ex: Indigenous peoples of the Arctic have adapted to extreme cold .
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bank
bank
[noun]

land along the sides of a river, canal, etc.

Ex: The flooded river caused the water to rise above its banks, spilling into the nearby fields .
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bend
bend
[noun]

a curve in a road, river, etc.

Ex: The road's series of tight bends required careful navigation.
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coastline
coastline
[noun]

the boundary between land and water, particularly as seen on a map or from above

Ex: Tourists admired the beauty of the Mediterranean coastline.
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eastern
eastern
[Adjective]

situated in the east

Ex: The house has a beautiful view of the eastern mountains .
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western
western
[Adjective]

positioned in the direction of the west

Ex: Travelers often explore the western regions to experience its rich cultural heritage .
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northern
northern
[Adjective]

positioned in the direction of the north

Ex: Northern cities often experience colder temperatures and shorter daylight hours in winter .
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southern
southern
[Adjective]

located in the direction of the south

Ex: The southern border of the country is marked by a desert .
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geographical
geographical
[Adjective]

related to the study or characteristics of the Earth's surface, including its features, landscapes, and locations

Ex: The geographical features of a region influence its economic activities and cultural practices .
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port
port
[noun]

a city or town that has a harbor where ships can be loaded or unloaded

Ex: The cruise ship docked at the port early in the morning .
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woodland
woodland
[noun]

land that is filled with many trees

Ex: The children built a small fort out of sticks in the woodland behind their school .
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canyon
canyon
[noun]

a valley that is deep and has very steep sides, through which a river is flowing usually

Ex: They set up camp near the bottom of the canyon.
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equator
equator
[noun]

a hypothetical line around the Earth that divides it into Northern and Southern hemispheres

Ex: The equator plays a key role in global climate patterns .
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formation
formation
[noun]

(geology) a body of rock with a particular set of characteristics that make it distinct from the surrounding land

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highland
highland
[noun]

land with mountains or hills

Ex: Highlands are often characterized by their cooler climates and unique flora and fauna adapted to higher elevations.
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glacier
glacier
[noun]

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

Ex: The farm uses renewable energy to power its operations.
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freshwater

water that does not contain salt and is suitable for consumption

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reef
reef
[noun]

a ridge of rock or a line of sand near the surface of a body of water

Ex: Maps showed a dangerous reef along the coastline .
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seabed
seabed
[noun]

the ground at the bottom of the sea or the floor of the ocean

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waterway
waterway
[noun]

a river, canal, etc. that boats can navigate through

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zone
zone
[noun]

an area on the Earth's surface defined by particular coordinates or boundaries

Ex: The country established a restricted zone marked by precise geographic coordinates .
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tropical
tropical
[Adjective]

associated with or characteristic of the tropics, regions of the Earth near the equator known for their warm climate and lush vegetation

Ex: The tropical sun provides abundant warmth and energy for photosynthesis in plants .
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stream
stream
[noun]

a small and narrow river that runs on or under the earth

Ex: A small stream flows behind their house .
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horizon
horizon
[noun]

the line where the sky and earth seem to come in contact with each other

Ex: The sunset painted the horizon with hues of pink and orange .
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gulf
gulf
[noun]

an area of sea that is partly surrounded by land, with a narrow opening

Ex: The boat was anchored in a quiet gulf.
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latitude
latitude
[noun]

an imaginary horizontal circle around the Earth parallel to the equator, used to measure north-south position

Ex: Latitude coordinates are paired with longitude to specify locations.
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longitude
longitude
[noun]

the distance of a point east or west of the meridian at Greenwich that is measured in degrees

Ex: Time zones are determined based on lines of longitude around the globe.
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mountain top

the top or the summit of a mountain

Ex: She stood on the mountaintop and marveled at the vast expanse of the landscape stretching out before her.
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Arctic
Arctic
[Adjective]

belonging or related to the region around the North Pole

Ex: Arctic research focuses on understanding climate change impacts in the polar regions .
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genetically modified

having had an altered genetic structure in order to serve a particular purpose, such as being more resistant to disease, bearing more fruit, etc.

Ex: The use of genetically modified crops has raised concerns about long-term environmental impacts.
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